通变系统

通变系统（Diasystem）是一个语言学的名词，指同一种语言因为地理、政治、文字或其他非语言学的原因，而被认为是两种不同的语言系统。它不同于方言：方言可能是因为长久的分隔，而使语言间产生了语音上的变化，继而发展成为方言。但对于通变系统内的语言，却没有这种语音上的变化；不过亦有可能因为政治或地理环境的变化，而使用词有所不同。

例子

• 印度斯坦语（印地语-乌尔都语）
• 塞克语（波斯尼亚语-克罗地亚语-塞尔维亚语）
• 丹挪语（丹麦语-书面挪威语-新挪威语）
• 奥克罗曼语（奥克语-加泰罗尼亚语）
• 葡萄牙-加利西亚语（葡萄牙语-加里西亚语）
• 马来语（马来西亚语-印尼语）
• 波斯语-塔吉克语-达里语
• 西北官话-东干语
• 泰语（泰语-寮语）

参见

• 自主及发展的语言（Dachsprache）
• 方言连续体
• 多中心语言
• 标准语

参考文献

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延伸阅读

• Bailey, Charles-James N. Variation and Linguistic Theory. Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics. 1973. 
• Bickerton, Derek. Dynamics of a Creole System. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1976. 
• Courthiade, Marcel. Quelques aspects du diasystème phonologique de la langue rromani. Faits de langue. 1997, 5 (10): 113–120. doi:10.3406/flang.1997.1175. 
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• Francescato, Giuseppe. Struttura linguistica e dialetto. Straka, G. (编). Actes du Xe congrès international de linguistique et philologie. Paris: Klincksieck. 1965b: 1011–1017. 
• Moulton, William G. The short vowel systems of Northern Switzerland: a study in structural dialectology. Word. 1960, 37: 155–182. 
• Moulton, William G. Structural dialectology. Language. 1968, 44: 451–466. doi:10.2307/411713. 
• Weinreich, Uriel; Labov, William; Herzog, Marvin. Empirical foundations for a theory of language change. Lehmann, Winfred P.; Malkiel, Yakov (编). Directions for historical linguistics: a symposium. University of Texas Press. 1968: 97–195. （原始内容存档于2012-01-18）.