维基百科

鲁米

波斯诗人

梅夫拉那·贾拉尔-阿德-丁·穆罕默德·鲁米（波斯语：مولانا جلال الدین محمد رومی‎，土耳其语：Mevlânâ Celâleddin Mehmed Rumi，1207年9月30日—1273年12月17日），常简称鲁米，是一位出身大伊朗大呼罗珊地区的诗人、哈乃斐派法基赫（伊斯兰教法学专家）、乌理玛（伊斯兰教学者）、马图里迪派（英语：Maturidism）伊斯兰教义学家[8]、苏非主义实践者。[9][10]

鲁米
位于土耳其伊兹密尔省布贾（英语：Buca）的鲁米雕像，高23米
头衔我们的导师（مولانا‎）
吾师（مولوی‎）
个人资料
出生(1207-09-30)1207年9月30日🇮🇷
花剌子模王国巴尔赫（今属 阿富汗巴尔赫省）[1]
或瓦赫什（英语：Vakhsh, Tajikistan）（今属 塔吉克斯坦哈特隆州）[2][3]
逝世1273年12月17日(1273岁—12—17)（66岁）🇮🇷
鲁姆苏丹国科尼亚
（今属 土耳其科尼亚省）
墓地 土耳其科尼亚梅乌拉那博物馆
宗教信仰伊斯兰教
民族波斯人
年代伊斯兰黄金时代
地区花剌子模王国

鲁姆苏丹国

宗派逊尼派[6]
法理哈乃斐派
专业领域苏菲诗（英语：Sufi poetry）、哈乃斐教法学
著名思想苏菲旋舞（英语：Sufi whirling）、穆拉卡巴（英语：Muraqaba）
著作《玛斯纳维》
《沙姆斯诗集（英语：Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi）》
《其中之中（英语：Fihi Ma Fihi）》🇮🇷
塔里卡梅夫拉维教团
高级职位
受影响于
施影响于
位于土耳其科尼亚的鲁米墓

鲁米的作品大多以波斯语写成，但其部分诗句也以土耳其语[11]、阿拉伯语[12]和希腊语[13][14][15]写成。他在科尼亚创作的《玛斯纳维》被认为是最具代表性的波斯语诗歌作品之一。[16][17] 鲁米的影响力超越族群分歧：伊朗人、阿富汗人、塔吉克人、土耳其人、库尔德人、希腊人以及印度次大陆的穆斯林都欣赏他的精神遗产。[18][19] 他的诗歌不仅影响波斯文学，也影响奥斯曼土耳其语、察合台语、普什图语、库尔德语、乌尔都语和孟加拉语的文学传统。[18][20][21]

如今，鲁米的作品以其原始语言在大伊朗和波斯语世界被广泛阅读。[22][23] 他的诗歌被以多种语言翻译并转换成各种格式。鲁米在土耳其、阿塞拜疆和南亚很受欢迎[24]，也是少数广受西方世界许多读者认识和喜爱的伊斯兰代表人物之一[25][26][27]。鲁米的思想也对黑格尔的哲学产生影响。[28]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为UNESCO的参考文献提供内容
  2. ^ William Harmless, Mystics, (Oxford University Press, 2008), 167.
  3. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为Balkh的参考文献提供内容
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 引用错误：没有为名为encyclopaedia1991的参考文献提供内容
  5. ^ C. E. Bosworth, 1988, BALḴ, city and province in northern Afghanistan, Encyclopaedia Iranica, on that time Afghanistan and some part of Turkish were belong to Persia which named Iran: Later, suzerainty over it passed to the Qarā Ḵetāy of Transoxania, until in 594/1198 the Ghurid Bahāʾ-al-Dīn Sām b. Moḥammad of Bāmīān occupied it when its Turkish governor, a vassal of the Qarā Ḵetāy, had died, and incorporated it briefly into the Ghurid empire. Yet within a decade, Balḵ and Termeḏ passed to the Ghurids’ rival, the Ḵᵛārazmšāh ʿAlāʾ-al-Dīn Moḥammad, who seized it in 602/1205-06 and appointed as governor there a Turkish commander, Čaḡri or Jaʿfar.In summer of 617/1220 the Mongols first appeared at Balḵ. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  6. ^ The Complete Idiot's Guide to Rumi Meditations, Penguin Group: 48, [2019-11-13], （原始内容存档于2020-09-18） 
  7. ^ Ramin Jahanbegloo, In Search of the Sacred : A Conversation with Seyyed Hossein Nasr on His Life and Thought, ABC-CLIO (2010), p. 141
  8. ^ Ahmad, Imtiaz. "The Place of Rumi in Muslim Thought." Islamic Quarterly 24.3 (1980): 67.
  9. ^ Lewis, Franklin D. Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The life, Teaching and poetry of Jalal Al-Din Rumi. Oneworld Publication. 2008: 9. How is that a Persian boy born almost eight hundred years ago in Khorasan, the northeastern province of greater Iran, in a region that we identify today as in Central Asia, but was considered in those days as part of the greater Persian cultural sphere, wound up in central Anatolia on the receding edge of the Byzantine cultural sphere, in what is now Turkey, some 1,500 miles to the west? 
  10. ^ Schimmel, Annemarie. The Mystery of Numbers. Oxford University Press. 7 April 1994: 51. These examples are taken from the Persian mystic Rumi's work, not from Chinese, but they express the yang-yin（原文如此） relationship with perfect lucidity. 
  11. ^ Annemarie Schimmel, The Triumphal Sun: A Study of the Works of Jalaloddin Rumi, SUNY Press, 1993, p. 193: "Rumi's mother tongue was Persian, but he had learned during his stay in Konya, enough Turkish and Greek to use it, now and then, in his verse."
  12. ^ Franklin Lewis: "On the question of Rumi's multilingualism (pp. 315–317), we may still say that he spoke and wrote in Persian as a native language, wrote and conversed in Arabic as a learned "foreign" language and could at least get by at the market in Turkish and Greek (although some wildly extravagant claims have been made about his command of Attic Greek, or his native tongue being Turkish) (Lewis 2008:xxi). (Franklin Lewis, "Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi," One World Publication Limited, 2008). Franklin also points out that: "Living among Turks, Rumi also picked up some colloquial Turkish."(Franklin Lewis, "Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi," One World Publication Limited, 2008, p. 315). He also mentions Rumi composed thirteen lines in Greek (Franklin Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi, One World Publication Limited, 2008, p. 316). On Rumi's son, Sultan Walad, Franklin mentions: "Sultan Walad elsewhere admits that he has little knowledge of Turkish" (Sultan Walad): Franklin Lewis, Rumi, "Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi, One World Publication Limited, 2008, p. 239) and "Sultan Valad did not feel confident about his command of Turkish" (Franklin Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2000, p. 240)
  13. ^ Δέδες, Δ. Ποιήματα του Μαυλανά Ρουμή [Poems by Mowlānā Rūmī]. Τα Ιστορικά. 1993, 10 (18–19): 3–22. 
  14. ^ Meyer, Gustav. Die griechischen Verse im Rabâbnâma.. Byzantinische Zeitschrift. 1895, 4 (3). S2CID 191615267. doi:10.1515/byzs.1895.4.3.401. 
  15. ^ Greek Verses of Rumi & Sultan Walad. uci.edu. 22 April 2009. （原始内容存档于5 August 2012）. 
  16. ^ Gardet, Louis. Religion and Culture. Holt, P.M.; Lambton, Ann K.S.; Lewis, Bernard (编). The Cambridge History of Islam, Part VIII: Islamic Society and Civilization. Cambridge University Press. 1977: 586. It is sufficient to mention 'Aziz al-Din Nasafi, Farid al-Din 'Attar and Sa'adi, and above all Jalal al-Din Rumi, whose Mathnawi remains one of the purest literary glories of Persia 
  17. ^ C.E. Bosworth, "Turkmen Expansion towards the west" in UNESCO History of Humanity, Volume IV, titled "From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century", UNESCO Publishing / Routledge, p. 391: "While the Arabic language retained its primacy in such spheres as law, theology and science, the culture of the Seljuk court and secular literature within the sultanate became largely Persianized; this is seen in the early adoption of Persian epic names by the Seljuk rulers (Qubād, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language (Turkmen must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech at this time). The process of Persianization accelerated in the 13th century with the presence in Konya of two of the most distinguished refugees fleeing before the Mongols, Bahā' al-Dīn Walad and his son Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī, whose Mathnawī, composed in Konya, constitutes one of the crowning glories of classical Persian literature."
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 Rumi work translated into Kurdish. 30 January 2015. 
  19. ^ Seyyed, Hossein Nasr. Islamic Art and Spirituality. Suny Press. 1987: 115. Jalal al-Din was born in a major center of Persian culture, Balkh, from Persian speaking parents, and is the product of that Islamic Persian culture which in the 7th/13th century dominated the 'whole of the eastern lands of Islam and to which present day Persians as well as Turks, Afghans, Central Asian Muslims and the Muslims of the Indo-Pakistani subcontinent are heir. It is precisely in this world that the sun of his spiritual legacy has shone most brillianty during the past seven centuries. The father of Jalal al-Din, Muhammad ibn Husayn Khatibi, known as Baha al-Din Walad and entitled Sultan al-'ulama', was an outstanding Sufi in Balkh connected to the spiritual lineage of Najm al-Din Kubra. 
  20. ^ Rahman, Aziz. Nazrul: The rebel and the romantic. Daily Sun. 27 August 2015 [12 July 2016]. （原始内容存档于17 April 2017）. 
  21. ^ Khan, Mahmudur Rahman. A tribute to Jalaluddin Rumi. Daily Sun. 30 September 2018. 
  22. ^ Interview: 'Many Americans Love Rumi...But They Prefer He Not Be Muslim'. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 9 August 2010 [22 August 2016] （英语）. 
  23. ^ Interview: A mystical journey with Rumi. Asia Times. [22 August 2016]. 原始内容存档于16 August 2010. 
  24. ^ Dîvân-i Kebîr Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī. OMI – Old Manuscripts & Incunabula. [22 August 2016]. 
  25. ^ Saber, Indlieb Farazi. A tale of two Rumis – of the East and of the West. Al Jazeera. [2024-08-10] （英语）. 
  26. ^ Tompkins, Ptolemy. Rumi Rules!. Time. 29 October 2002 [22 August 2016]. ISSN 0040-781X. 
  27. ^ Süleyman, Amir. Remembering Rumi: How he inspired the East and the West | Opinion. Daily Sabah. 2021-09-30 [2024-08-10] （美国英语）. 
  28. ^ The Whisper that Echoed across the Seven Seas: Rumi in the Western Intellectual Milieu—Nonfiction by Talha —Eclectica Magazine v14n4. www.eclectica.org. [2024-08-10]. 
  • Majid M. Naini,The Mysteries of the Universe and Rumi's Discoveries on the Majestic Path of Love, Universal Vision & Research, 2002, ISBN 0-9714600-0-0 [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  • Franklin Lewis, Rumi Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2000. ISBN 1-85168-214-7
  • Leslie Wines, Rumi: A Spiritual Biography, New York: Crossroads, 2001 ISBN 0-8245-2352-0.
  • Rumi's Thoughts, edited by Seyed G Safavi, London: London Academy of Iranian Studies, 2003.
  • Şefik Can, Fundamentals of Rumi's Thought: A Mevlevi Sufi Perspective, Sommerset (NJ): The Light Inc., 2004 ISBN 1-932099-79-4.

外部链接

 
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：鲁米

鲁米的作品

鲁米的生平

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