2020年德里骚乱

2020年德里骚乱是2020年2月23日至29日印度德里东北部印度教暴民袭击穆斯林的动乱[12][13][14][15],共造成53人丧生,其中约三分之二(36人)为被枪杀、砍杀或烧死的穆斯林[16][17][18],阵亡者还包括一名警察与一名情报人员。此次动乱爆发的导火线为德里东北部贾夫夫拉巴德自2019年12月开始、以穆斯林女性为主的沙欣巴格抗争英语Shaheen Bagh protest,旨在反对刚通过的2019年公民身份法(修正案),阻塞了当地的主要道路[19][20],2月23日印度教民族主义政党印度人民党领袖卡皮尔·米什拉英语Kapil Mishra呼吁德里警方英语Delhi Police清空道路,否则将采取反制行动[21][22],威胁发出后冲突随即爆发[23] ,暴动者头戴安全帽,携带手枪、刀剑、棍棒与石头等武器,持象征印度教的藏红花旗英语Bhagwa Dhwaj进入穆斯林社区,呼喊“罗摩胜利英语Jai Shri Ram ”的印度教口号[18],警方则在旁观看、未加制止[24][25],因穆斯林多曾受割礼,印度教徒则无,许多人遇袭时被迫拖去下身衣着,确认穆斯林身份后便遭攻击[26][27][28]。动乱中有大量穆斯林的房屋、商店与四座清真寺被破坏[29],其中有些遭纵火焚毁[30];某些地区的穆斯林集结起来反击,至印度教社区持枪射击或投掷汽油弹与石头[31],有些社群则团结起来自保[32]

2020年德里骚乱
穆斯林的住家与商店在暴乱中遭纵火(上)[1]
德里政府英语Government of Delhi与穆斯林瓦合甫穆斯塔法巴德艾德加英语Eidgah设立的救济营,约有1500个床位,并有医师志愿到场协助(下)[2]
日期2020年2月23日 – 2020年2月29日(6天)
地点
28°40′55″N 77°16′26″E / 28.682°N 77.274°E / 28.682; 77.274
起因
目标
方法骚乱纵火打劫、枪击
伤亡
死亡53人[10]
  • 36名穆斯林[10]
  • 15名印度教徒[10]
  • 2名信仰不明[10]
受伤超过200人[9]
逮捕2200人(含被拘留者)[11]
地图
动乱爆发区域,摄于3月8日
骚乱中被焚毁的车辆
被焚毁的市集

印度政府称此骚乱为突发事件[33]德里高等法院下令后警方协助移送伤患后,德里警方于26日进入冲突区域[34][35]印度国家安全顾问英语National Security Advisor (India)阿吉特·多瓦尔英语Ajit Doval也前往冲突地区访视,总理莫迪则在推特发文呼吁和平[34]。当地民众、人权组织与各国穆斯林领导人均指控德里警方未尽保护穆斯林的职责[36],甚至有录像显示警方协助印度教暴徒对付穆斯林[37],也有目击者称有警察加入暴徒的行列攻击穆斯林[38]

骚乱后有约1000名穆斯林离开家园,到德里周边的数个救济营中避难[39],2月底许多穆斯林离开当地[33],德里其他区域的穆斯林也有许多人因担心自身人身安全而远赴外地避难[27]。事后仍有印度教组织上街游行,自称为穆斯林暴力攻击的受害者[40],3月9日侯丽节前数天也有印度教徒进入穆斯林社区示威[41],冲突造成印度教徒与穆斯林的对立加剧[42]反穆斯林的情绪高涨,许多资深律师宣布拒绝为骚乱受害者辩护,有些年轻的穆斯林律师则免费接案[43]

参考文献

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  39. ^ Gettleman, Jeffrey; Yasir, Sameer; Raj, Suhasini; Kumar, Hari, 'If We Kill You, Nothing Will Happen': How Delhi's Police Turned Against Muslims, The New York Times, Photographs by Loke, Atul, 2020-03-12 [2020-03-13], (原始内容存档于2020-03-13), Some Muslims are leaving their neighborhoods, having lost all faith in the police. More than 1,000 have piled into a camp for internally displaced people that is rising on Delhi's outskirts. 
  40. ^ Gettleman, Jeffrey; Yasir, Sameer; Raj, Suhasini; Kumar, Hari, 'If We Kill You, Nothing Will Happen': How Delhi's Police Turned Against Muslims, The New York Times, Photographs by Loke, Atul, 2020-03-12 [2020-03-13], (原始内容存档于2020-03-13), The religiously mixed and extremely crowded neighborhoods in northeastern Delhi that were on fire in late February have cooled. But some Hindu politicians continue to lead so-called peace marches, trotting out casualties of the violence with their heads wrapped in white medical tape, trying to upend the narrative and make Hindus seem like the victims, which is stoking more anti-Muslim hatred. 
  41. ^ Gettleman, Jeffrey; Yasir, Sameer; Raj, Suhasini; Kumar, Hari, 'If We Kill You, Nothing Will Happen': How Delhi's Police Turned Against Muslims, The New York Times, Photographs by Loke, Atul, 2020-03-12 [2020-03-13], (原始内容存档于2020-03-13), India's population is about 80 percent Hindu, and gangs of Hindus threatened Muslims in several Delhi neighborhoods to leave before the Hindu holiday Holi that was celebrated this week. 
  42. ^ Jain, Rupam; Ahmed, Aftab, In Indian capital, riots deepen a Hindu-Muslim divide, Reuters, 2020-03-16 [2020-03-26], (原始内容存档于2020-03-25), But the riots that raged through the district last month appear to have cleaved lasting divisions in the community ...During the day, Hindus and Muslims shun each other in the alleys of the Delhi districts that were hardest hit by the unrest in February. At night, when the threat of violence is greater, they are physically divided by barricades that are removed in the morning. 
  43. ^ Wallen, Joe, Lawyers representing Delhi riot victims 'attacked by police', The Telegraph, 2020-03-13 [2020-03-15], (原始内容存档于2020-03-27), Many senior lawyers are refusing to take up cases on behalf of the victims of the riots amidst wider anti-Muslim sentiment, stoked by the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Instead, volunteer lawyers - who are typically young and Muslim and from organisations like the Indian Civil Liberties Union - are taking on cases for free.