DGCR8

DGCR8
已知的结构
PDB	直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表
	1X47、2YT4、3LE4、5B16
识别号
别名	DGCR8；, C22orf12, DGCRK6, Gy1, pasha, Pasha, DGCR8 microprocessor complex subunit, microprocessor complex subunit
外部ID	OMIM：609030 MGI：2151114 HomoloGene：11223 GeneCards：DGCR8
基因位置（人类）
染色体	22号染色体
终止	20,111,877 bp
RNA表达模式
	; ; ; ;
	查阅更多表达数据
基因本体
分子功能	• primary miRNA binding; • ribonuclease III activity; • double-stranded RNA binding; • 血浆蛋白结合; • heme binding; • protein homodimerization activity; • 金属离子结合; • RNA binding; • 相同蛋白质结合;
细胞组分	• 细胞质; • 微加工复合体; • 核仁; • 细胞核; • 核质; • 突触后致密物质;
生物学过程	• regulation of stem cell proliferation; • primary miRNA processing; • RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, endonucleolytic; • RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis; • miRNA metabolic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	54487
	94223
	ENSG00000128191
	ENSMUSG00000022718
	Q8WYQ5
	Q9EQM6
	NM_001190326; NM_022720
	NM_033324
	NP_001177255; NP_073557
	NP_201581
	维基数据
查看/编辑人类	查看/编辑小鼠

DGCR8全称为迪乔治综合症关键区域8（DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8）是哺乳类的一个蛋白质，在人类基因组中由22号染色体上的DGCR8基因编码^[4]。模式生物黑腹果蝇与秀丽隐杆线虫与此同源的基因名为Pasha，意为“Drosha蛋白的伙伴”（partner of Drosha）^[5]。

功能

DGCR8位于细胞核中，参与miRNA前驱物（pri-miRNA）的切割，此蛋白可与Drosha（一种核糖核酸酶Ⅲ）结合，组成微加工复合体（英语：Microprocessor complex），将由DNA转录产生的pri-miRNA切割成长约70nt的pre-miRNA，后者可再由Dicer切割产生成熟的miRNA。DGCR8有一可与RNA结合的结构域，可与pri-miRNA结合以稳定其结构，以利Drosha进行切割^[6]。Drosha一般需在与DGCR8结合的情况下才能进行切割^[7]。

此外DGCR8也参与部分DNA修补的途径，DGCR8的一个位点被磷酸化后可参与转录偶联修复（transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair，简称TC-NER，用于移除嘧啶二聚体等紫外线造成的DNA损伤）以及核苷酸切除修复（NER，移除过氧化氢等化学物质造成的DNA氧化损伤）等，且此机制与DGCR8和Drosha结合以及和RNA结合的能力均无关^[8]。

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000128191 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Entrez Gene: DGCR8 DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8. （原始内容存档于2010-12-05）.
^ Denli AM, Tops BB, Plasterk RH, Ketting RF, Hannon GJ. Processing of primary microRNAs by the Microprocessor complex. Nature. Nov 2004, 432 (7014): 231–5. PMID 15531879. doi:10.1038/nature03049.
^ Yeom KH, Lee Y, Han J, Suh MR, Kim VN. Characterization of DGCR8/Pasha, the essential cofactor for Drosha in primary miRNA processing. Nucleic Acids Research. 2006, 34 (16): 4622–9. PMC 1636349  . PMID 16963499. doi:10.1093/nar/gkl458.
^ Han J, Lee Y, Yeom KH, Nam JW, Heo I, Rhee JK, Sohn SY, Cho Y, Zhang BT, Kim VN. Molecular basis for the recognition of primary microRNAs by the Drosha-DGCR8 complex. Cell. 2006, 125 (5): 887–901. PMID 16751099. S2CID 453021. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.043  .
^ Calses PC, Dhillon KK, Tucker N, Chi Y, Huang JW, Kawasumi M, Nghiem P, Wang Y, Clurman BE, Jacquemont C, Gafken PR, Sugasawa K, Saijo M, Taniguchi T. DGCR8 Mediates Repair of UV-Induced DNA Damage Independently of RNA Processing. Cell Rep. 2017, 19 (1): 162–174. PMC 5423785  . PMID 28380355. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.021.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000128191 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[3] Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-4] Entrez Gene: DGCR8 DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8. （原始内容存档于2010-12-05）.

[5] Denli AM, Tops BB, Plasterk RH, Ketting RF, Hannon GJ. Processing of primary microRNAs by the Microprocessor complex. Nature. Nov 2004, 432 (7014): 231–5. PMID 15531879. doi:10.1038/nature03049.

[6] Yeom KH, Lee Y, Han J, Suh MR, Kim VN. Characterization of DGCR8/Pasha, the essential cofactor for Drosha in primary miRNA processing. Nucleic Acids Research. 2006, 34 (16): 4622–9. PMC 1636349  . PMID 16963499. doi:10.1093/nar/gkl458.

[pmid16751099-7] Han J, Lee Y, Yeom KH, Nam JW, Heo I, Rhee JK, Sohn SY, Cho Y, Zhang BT, Kim VN. Molecular basis for the recognition of primary microRNAs by the Drosha-DGCR8 complex. Cell. 2006, 125 (5): 887–901. PMID 16751099. S2CID 453021. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.043  .

[Calses-8] Calses PC, Dhillon KK, Tucker N, Chi Y, Huang JW, Kawasumi M, Nghiem P, Wang Y, Clurman BE, Jacquemont C, Gafken PR, Sugasawa K, Saijo M, Taniguchi T. DGCR8 Mediates Repair of UV-Induced DNA Damage Independently of RNA Processing. Cell Rep. 2017, 19 (1): 162–174. PMC 5423785  . PMID 28380355. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.021.

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