用户:Philson/杜华逊

杜华逊 sc̓əwaθən Tsawwassen
社区
杜华逊购物中心（Tsawwassen Mills）
坐标：49°01′N 123°05′W
国家	加拿大
省	卑诗省
区域	大温哥华区域局
城市	三角洲
面积
• 总计	12.91 平方公里（4.98 平方英里）
人口（2016）
• 总计	21,588人
• 密度	1,672人/平方公里（4,331人/平方英里）
网站	www.delta.ca

杜华逊 (英语：Tsawwassen，发音：英语 ⁱ/təˈwɑːsən/ tə-WAH-sən，哈尔魁梅林语：sc̓əwaθən) ，又译措瓦森或图瓦森，是加拿大卑诗省三角洲市内一个以住宅为主的社区。杜华逊位于三角洲西南角的半岛上，南边为美国华盛顿州的飞地罗伯兹角。56街是杜华逊其中一条主干道，也是通往罗伯兹角的唯一陆上通道。杜华逊卑诗渡轮码头则于1959年建成，为低陆平原提供来往温哥华岛及海湾群岛的客运及汽车渡轮服务。由于杜华逊的海岸为浅滩，码头需要建于杜华逊半岛以西对出海面，并以一条约3千米（1.9英里）长的堤路与半岛连接。三角洲港及边界湾机场与杜华逊也只相距约15分钟车程。

社区的西北方则是属于杜华逊原住民的土地。在19世纪，欧洲殖民者剥夺了原住民的土地、权利和资源。根据2009年与卑诗省政府签订的条约，他们现有的土地占地约724公顷（1,790英亩），西临乔治亚海峡，北至2600街区，东至4800街区，南至1200街区。

杜华逊在原住民的哈尔魁梅林语中意思是“面向大海的土地”。

地理位置

杜华逊位于杜华逊半岛的北端，西临乔治亚海峡，东临边界湾，南面于北纬49度线与美国接壤，而北面则是拉德纳。杜华逊与拉德纳两个社区共同组成了南三角洲，各种公共服务如警局及医院均位处拉德纳，并服务整个南三角洲地区。

杜华逊地势普遍平坦，最低海拔略低于海平面，而最高海拔处在罗伯兹角的边界附近，但也只有70米（230英尺）。

历史

杜华逊及周边地区是海岸沙利殊族群杜华逊原住民的祖传领地。考古人员在英吉利崖（English Bluff）附近发掘出8条史前村庄，显示这些原住民早于4200年前已经在这一带居住。

直到1791年才第一次有欧洲人来到此地。西班牙探险家荷西．纳瓦耶兹率领其探险队来到杜华逊及罗伯兹角一带，并误认此地是一个岛屿，将其命名为施佩达岛（Isla de Zepeda）。

交通

街道

杜华逊的街道大致呈网格布局，东西向的命名为大道（Avenue），其中第1大道与美加边界最为接近，而南北向的则命名为街。这个街道网格系统早于19世纪便由英国皇家工兵部队设立，并与三角洲的其他部分，以及同处弗礼沙河南岸的素里和兰里区共用。

杜华逊的主要干道是56街，它连接着17号公路及位于12大道的中心商业区，并继续南延至罗伯兹角边境口岸。这是美加边界上最西端的边境口岸。

巴士

参见：大温哥华地区巴士路线列表

如同大温哥华的其他地区，杜华逊的巴士服务也由运输联线提供。杜华逊的大部分巴士路线均途经位于南三角洲康乐中心旁的南三角洲转车站。对外的巴士路线均以列治文桥港站为终点。601号是唯一的全日路线，途经拉德纳前往桥港站。而602、603及604号路线则只于繁忙时间服务。620号路线则直接连接桥港站与杜华逊卑诗渡轮码头，中途只停靠拉德纳转车站。

此外，杜华逊还有三条社区穿梭巴士路线，分别是609号（往杜华逊原住民保留地）、614号（往英吉利崖）及619号（往边界湾）。

渡轮

杜华逊卑诗渡轮码头也提供三条渡轮航线：

• 1号线，往 域多利施瓦兹湾渡轮码头
• 9号线，往南海湾群岛
• 30号线，往乃磨公爵角渡轮码头

Neighbourhoods

• Boundary Bay, a quiet beach-side neighbourhood situated on Boundary Bay between Boundary Bay Regional Park and the Canada–U.S. border. It originated in the 1890s as a seaside summer community for wealthy Vancouverites. Some of the original cottages still stand, many as renovated and updated homes, as well as modern contemporary single family homes and waterfront architectural residences. To the south, "The Bay" as it is referred to by residents, borders on the residential neighbourhood of Maple Beach in Point Roberts, WA. A Canada/U.S. customs checkpoint joined the two communities (at the foot of 67th Street) until it was closed in the 1970s. Currently, Boundary Bay Road as well as the newly opened Southlands boulevard provide the only two access routes to this area.
• The Southlands, which is a new neighbourhood centred around original barns, historic farm house, grange, and small shops extends from the Boundary Bay Rd and 3rd Ave roundabout ultimately to the USA border. It is bounded on the east by Boundary Bay community and to the west and north by protected farmland.
• Beach Grove, which is situated on the edge of Boundary Bay, further north from the community of Boundary Bay. It is located on the east side of 56th Street, between 12th and 17A Avenue.
• The Highlands, which is the area just to the northwest of Downtown Tsawwassen, behind the Town Centre Mall and situated around Highland Park.
• Pebble Hill, which is the area surrounding Diefenbaker Park and Pebble Hill Park.
• Tsawwassen Heights, a small area located on English Bluff Road, south of 1st Ave. Two totem poles stand on either side of the road here as its official gateway.
• The Terrace, a terraced subdivision located between 56th Street, the Tsawwassen Nature Reserve, and the Canada–U.S. border.
• English Bluff, which refers to the area along English Bluff Road, where many of the most expensive homes in the community enjoy commanding ocean views.
• Stahaken, which refers to a large area of houses built on land belonging to the Tsawwassen First Nations. This land is leased on a 99-year term to Stahaken Development Ltd., and supported and serviced by the Municipality of Delta. The current lease expires in 2089.
• The Village; adjacent to Stahaken, it is a wealthy subdivision built on the west side of English Bluff Road, overlooking the Strait of Georgia. Another totem pole stands at its entrance at Wesley Drive.
• Tsatsu Shores, a large apartment complex beneath English Bluff, on the shores of the Pacific Ocean. This is also built on land leased from the Tsawwassen First Nation.
• Imperial Village, a large subdivision located east of 52nd Street at 16th Avenue.
• Forest-by-the-Bay, which refers to a housing development off 56th Street and 6th Avenue beside Tsawwassen's only cemetery.
• Tsawwassen Springs, a small subdivision within the centre of the Tsawwassen Golf & Country Club.

Schools

Public schools in Tsawwassen are part of School District 37 Delta. Tsawwassen has only one public high school, South Delta Secondary School (SDSS), formerly South Delta Senior Secondary.

There are five public elementary schools in Tsawwassen. These are Cliff Drive, Pebble Hill, South Park, English Bluff, and Beach Grove. A sixth school, Boundary Beach (Grades K-3), closed in June 2009. There is also a small French programme cadre school, Ecole Du Bois-Joli, for students with French language spoken at home.

Boundary Bay Elementary School, formerly located on 56th Street south of 12th Avenue, served grades K-7. With usually one class per grade, it was a small school, and shared a principal with Boundary Beach Elementary School. Grades 3–7 students from Boundary Beach were bussed daily to attend the school. The school was closed in the early 1990s, and the land sold. It is now a residential development. There was also a middle school called Tsawwassen Junior Secondary (TJS), but low enrolment led to its closure in 1994. This land was also sold by the school district and re-developed into a housing subdivision.

Private schools in the Tsawwassen area include Southpointe Academy, a private K–12 school; Delta Christian School in Ladner, a Christian private school offering grades K-8; and Sacred Heart Elementary in Ladner, a Catholic school offering grades K-7.

Parks

Tsawwassen contains many community and regional parks; Boundary Bay Regional Park (home to Centennial Beach) is run by the Metro Vancouver Regional District (MVRD). The following parks are maintained by Delta Parks & Recreation, an arm of the municipal government:

• Diefenbaker Park – located at the intersection of 56th Street and 1st Avenue, named after former Canadian prime minister John Diefenbaker in 1976, prior to the park's completion in 1980. One of the largest parks in the area, it has many features – open spaces and large hills, a waterfall, dock, and pond, a very large forest, playgrounds, restrooms, and many gardens. The steep grade from the surrounding streets into the centre of the park makes it especially popular during Tsawwassen's rare snow falls, for sledding and tobogganing. In Summer 2011, the Rotary WaterWorks Playground was built. This water playground was created with environmentally friendly materials. The WaterWorks project was a collaborative partnership of the Corporation of Delta (now the City of Delta) and the Rotary Club of Tsawwassen. The concept draws on the history of the site, a former gravel mining operation that, at one time, supplied much of the gravel for the development of Tsawwassen.
• Pebble Hill Park – located west of 52nd Street between 2A Avenue and Milsom Wynd. This park features large fields used for sports (baseball and soccer), tennis courts built atop a pair of water reservoirs, and many forest trails.
• Fred Gingell Park – Tsawwassen's newest park, located on English Bluff Road just south of 3rd Avenue. It is named after the former MLA who represented South Delta in BC's legislative assembly. Built on a BC Hydro right-of-way, this park sits on the top of a high bluff overlooking the Strait of Georgia, the ferry terminal, and Vancouver Island. An observation deck is built on this bluff, and a stairway and trail have been built down the bluff to Tsawwassen Beach below. It is the first (and only) public access to the beach, creating controversy as semi-private beach access contributed a great deal to the area's property values. Locals, who hike up and down the steep stairs for fitness (often multiple times), often refer to the stairs leading down to the beach as the "Tsawwassen Grind" in reference to the Grouse Grind.
• Winskill Park – located at 56th Street and 9th Avenue, named after the land's donor and one of the first families to live in Tsawwassen. This is Tsawwassen's all-purpose sports park, featuring numerous baseball diamonds, soccer fields, and field hockey fields. A fenced artificial-turf outdoor soccer field was completed in 2007. Also features a walking trail, disc golf course, restrooms, youth centre, playground, and the Winskill Aquatic Centre.
• Dennison Park – located across from the high school at the corner of 53rd Street and 7A Avenue. This park used to feature an outdoor pool, but is now primarily used as a sports park for the high school football team. Also used for soccer and baseball. A forest grows on the northern half of the park.
• Village Park – a very small community park located on Wesley Drive at Skana Drive. Mostly green space, but also features a playground.
• Brandrith Park – another sports park, adjacent to Cliff Drive Elementary school, at the corner of 12th Avenue and Winskill Drive. The focus here is primarily on its baseball diamond, but a soccer field and tennis courts are present as well. A forest can be found to the rear of the park; a large playground can be found at the adjacent schoolyard.
• Highland Park – mostly open green space with a light forest, located at the corner of 55th Street and 13A Avenue, in the heart of downtown Tsawwassen.
• Grauer Park – another heavily used park, located at 56th Street and 18th Avenue. Greenspace here is minimal. The park is best known as home to the South Delta Rec Centre (featuring an ice rink, curling rink, and gymnasium). The Kiwanis Longhouse (once the South Delta library) is in this park, and is now an art gallery. Also featured here is parking for the Tsawwassen Park and Ride, the Tsawwassen Skate Park, and a lacrosse box.
• Jackson Way Park – a grassy greenspace, found at the southern end of Jackson Way.
• Beach Grove Park – mostly forest, found at the corner of Braid Road and 17A Avenue, adjacent to Beach Grove Elementary school. This park once featured a giant checker board and checker pieces visitors could play with. Also features tennis courts.
• Imperial Park – an open field underneath the BC Hydro right-of-way in Imperial Village, at the corner of Spyglass Crescent and Silverado Place. Features a baseball diamond, playground, and a decent hill used for sledding/tobogganing in the winter.
• Beach Grove Mini-Park – a very small community park on Beach Grove Court, featuring a small playground.
• View Crescent Park – a very small greenspace joining the southeast corner of View Crescent with the north end of Hunter Road, located behind a commercial complex in downtown Tsawwassen.

The following parks aren't officially recognized by the municipality, but still exist within Tsawwassen's boundaries:

• Wildwood Crescent Mini-Park
• Woodland Park
• Tsawwassen Nature Reserve

Historic Street Names

• 1st Avenue – Summer Avenue
• 2nd Avenue (English Bluff Road to approx Murphy Drive) – Autumn Avenue
• 4th Avenue (52 Street to 56 Street) – Rawlins Road
• 6th Avenue – Allen Road
• 8th Avenue – Cemetery Road
• 12th Avenue (English Bluff to 56 Street) – Raitt Road
• 16th Avenue / Springs Boulevard (west of 52 Street) – Brandrith Road
• 16th Avenue (east of 53A Street) – Herd Road
• English Bluff Road – 48th Street
• 52nd Street (12 Ave to 28 Ave) – Imperial Road
• 56th Street (south of 12 Ave) – Point Roberts Road
• Arthur Drive / 53rd Street (north of 28 Ave) – Slough Road

And then there's historic Boundary Bay Road, which features the following streets:

• 28th Avenue (53 Street to 56 Street)
• 56th Street (28 Ave to 12 Ave)
• 12th Avenue (56 Street to Beach Grove Road)

From here, this connects with the segment of road that has always been known as Boundary Bay Road.

In the neighbourhood of Boundary Bay, virtually every numbered street here was historically named something else:

• 1A Avenue (65B Street to Centennial Parkway) – Mable Street
• 3rd Avenue (Boundary Bay Road to Centennial Parkway) – Gunn Road
• 4th Avenue – Montgomery Road
• 65B Street – Jordan Road
• 66 Street – Mack Avenue
• 66A Street – Old Cammidge Avenue
• 67 Street – Major Avenue
• 67A Street – Alexander Avenue

Telecommunications

Tsawwassen, like the whole of the Municipality of Delta, was initially only serviced by Delta Cable (since sold to Eastlink) for TV and cable internet services, although Shaw and Telus now offer services as well.

As in all of British Columbia, incumbent telephone services is provided by Telus; the area codes serving Tsawwassen are 604 and 778 – though the latter is primarily used for cell phones. The original CO Code servicing Tsawwassen was 943, but as the population expanded, a new code, 948, was introduced in the early 1990s. New codes have since been added, and local number portability has blurred traditional exchange differences. Phone calls within Tsawwassen or the entire 604/778 region must adhere to the process of ten-digit dialing.

Retail

Tsawwassen is home to the largest shopping centre in South Delta (Tsawwassen Town Centre Mall). In 2016 a new commercial business complex, Northgate, was completed, and construction began on the Southlands Market Square project; both developments of Century Group.

Tsawwassen Mills opened in October 2016 in the neighbouring municipality of Tsawwassen First Nation, located to the west of Tsawwassen, Delta, BC.

Climate

Tsawwassen is known for its relatively dry and sunny climate compared with other locations in Metro Vancouver. For example, it receives nearly 40% less precipitation than downtown Vancouver and less than half of that of North Vancouver. It has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb) with cooler summers and milder winters than other areas on the Canada–U.S. border, and features some of the mildest winters and lowest diurnal temperature variation in Canada.

References in popular culture

In film

Due to being part of the Greater Vancouver area, which is the third-largest film and television production centre in North America after New York and Los Angeles, Tsawwassen has also appeared in numerous high-profile movies and television shows over the years. These include:

Shooting locations

• Shoot to Kill (1988)
• Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991) – the indoor section of the Town Centre Mall was used for this film.
• The X-Files (1993–2002) – various episodes had portions filmed in Tsawwassen.
• Jumanji (1995) – all of the sequences shot at "Sir Save-A-Lot" were filmed at a former SuperValu store at the open-air Delta Fair Mall, which was located at the southwest corner of 56th Street and 12th Avenue. The space has since been demolished and replaced with the new Safeway (since sold to Save-On-Foods as of March 2014). An intersection near Diefenbaker Park was used for a scene of an animal stampede.
• Da Vinci's Inquest (CBC, 1998) Various locations
• Smallville (2001–2010) – various episodes were filmed in Tsawwassen, as well as just outside Tsawwassen on Deltaport Way near the Deltaport container port.
• Insomnia (2002) – the sequences filmed in the lodge in which Al Pacino was sleeping were actually filmed in an unused space previously occupied by the restaurants Timothy's, the Manor, and others. It is located at the northeast corner of 12th Avenue and 55th Street; it is now the location of Century Holdings, a real estate agency.
• X-Men: The Last Stand (2006) – the location of Jean Grey's childhood home is located in the subdivision of Imperial Village, on Golf Club Drive.
• Snakes on a Plane (2006) – the location of the illegal snake-dealer's greenhouse/barn is shot on the Tsawwassen/Ladner boundary near Deltaport Way and Arthur Drive.
• Are We Done Yet? (2007) – a portion was filmed on Pacific Drive near Wesley Drive.
• The Sandlot: Heading Home (2007) – filmed in Dennison Park
• Kickin' It Old Skool (2007) – an outdoor scene was shot in the Thrifty Foods parking lot (off 12th Avenue), and several indoor scenes were shot at the Tsawwassen Town Centre Mall (56th Street and 12th Avenue) and the Pacific Rim Performing Arts Studios in Century Square (56th Street and 18th Avenue).
• Juno (2007) – the scenes where Juno pulls over on the side of the road in tears were filmed along Deltaport Way near the 46A Street farm overpass; the "Summer" title screen is filmed at Diefenbaker Park.
• Battlestar Galactica – the final scene of the midseason finale, Revelations showed the remnants of a seaside city devastated by a nuclear war. It was shot on the Boundary Bay side of Tsawwassen, at Centennial Beach.
• Hellcats (2011) – Pharmacy scene took place at Wellspring Health.
• Child Bride (2019) – filmed primarily in Tsawwassen.

Setting for films

• Scorn (2000) – a Canadian made-for-TV movie that aired on CBC, was a movie that prominently focused on Darren Huenemann, and his actions that would eventually lead to what would become a very high-profile murder that happened in Tsawwassen in the early 1990s.

In music

• North Vancouver punk band d.b.s. named a song "Tsawwassen" on their 1999 album If Life Were a Result, We'd All Be Dead.

Notable people

• Dylan Ainsworth, former lineman of the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the CFL
• Mike Dopud, actor, stuntman, and former running back of the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the CFL
• Irving K. Barber, industrialist and philanthropist
• Jason DaSilva, filmmaker
• Jerry Doucette, musician
• Brendan Gallagher, forward of the Montreal Canadiens of the NHL
• Harald Hasselbach, former lineman for the Denver Broncos of the NFL
• Brandon McMillan, forward of the KHL Medveščak Zagreb of the KHL
• Lochlyn Munro, actor, Riverdale (2017)
• Neil Osborne, vocalist in 54-40
• Brent Seabrook, defenceman of the Chicago Blackhawks of the NHL
• Ashley Spires, children's book author and illustrator

See also

• List of place names in Canada of Indigenous origin
• Delta South (see New Westminster (electoral districts) for historical election districts which included Tsawwassen)
• Delta (federal electoral district)

External links

• Film footage of Centennial Beach in 1958
• Provincial Riding
• Federal Riding