维基专题:童军/格式手册
 | 此维基专题目前正依照其他维基百科上的内容进行翻译。 (2016年11月21日) |
 | 本页面为使用于童军专题内童军相关条目的格式手册。 |
本指引主要目的在于提升维基百科中童军相关条目的专业度、简洁度与衔接性。其中一个非常重要的原则，就是在整篇条目或一系列条目中，必须应用与采用一致的写作格式与写作风格。
如果容许两种以上的格式出现时，除非有坚实的论证，否则任何一位编辑者将任一条目的原有写作格式换成另一种，是一种不合适的行为。针对特定写作格式进行编辑战是不可接受的行为。如果一篇条目已有固定的格式，则不能因为除条目格式外的原因，而转换其格式。如果不清楚这个条目的格式是否稳定，您应该以主要贡献者所采用的格式为准。
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条目名称
条目名称应当为人物、组织、事件、营地与奖项的现今全名。如果是非中文名称，应当参考Wikipedia:童军专题/条目名称的流程。
条目名称与条目内容一样，应当采取一致的来源标准。如果对于名称有所争议时，编辑者应当列举具权威性与官方组织的来源文献，而不是采取原创研究。
重定向页面
条目重定向应只能用于该条目具有另一种名称或历史名称，例如采用不同的写法或其他原因。这类重定向应当采用不同的模板。如果是写法、名称更动的重定向，应当采用{{旧名重定向}}让编辑者知道。注意，{{历史名称重定向}}只用于地方名称。
消歧义
如果多个条目具有相同的名称，应当采取消歧义的流程。当某个条目名称与另一个条目名称相近时，应当创建消歧义页面，并在该页面新增与更新这些名称相近的条目列表。消歧义只能使用在这些状况之下。
童军总会的阶段或阶级名称可能会和其他总会的名称相近，因此这些名称必须以消歧义的方式加注国家名称或总会名称。举例：冒险童军是一个消歧义页面，列出了具有类似此名称的童军衔段计划，包含冒险童军 (澳大利亚)与冒险童军 (美国童军)。“童军”这个重定向类别名称，应当采用于具有显著童军主题的事物，例如詹姆斯·E·魏斯特 (童军)。
同等对待每个童军总会
一个地区可能有多个不同种类的童军总会，例如：英国有“英国童军总会”与“英国女童军”。撰写“國家/地區的童军活动”这类条目时，必须包含该国家/地区境内每个童军总会的概述。个别童军总会的条目不应该涵盖太多其它种类童军总会的条目内容，以维持同等比重。
读者
维基百科是为一般读者所写的，不是全方位童军指南或操作手册。虽然这样写可能会引起童军成员的兴趣，但不应该因此把他们当成主要读者。举例：许多读者会将部分童军总会所采用的“贩卖部”英文“trading post”想像成一个在殖民地中成立的皮毛与货物交易处，但实际上所指的不过是一个营地中的商店而已。
格式
除了维基百科上正规的格式指引外，童军相关条目也会采用童军组织的正式格式指引。
格式指引
以下是童军专题所采用的正式指引：
非国家层级条目
编辑者常会新增有兴趣的地方或非国家层级主题条目，如营地或童军团。这些条目的内容通常很琐碎，不符合关注度指引，因而常常被删除或合并。管理这些类型的条目会耗费有限的资源，且在讨论删除或合并这类条目的时候常会引起争议。
我们鼓励编辑者使用由上层往下层的写法，扩充高层次条目的内容，进而多到让高层次条目的内容可以拆分成小而高品质的条目。因此，一个国家层级的条目可能会产生地区性质的条目，进而产生营地的条目。童军团、小队等等类型的条目，除非真的符合关注度的标准，否则应当不能写成独立条目或写入地区条目当中。
我们鼓励将潜在的地方或非国家层级条目进行重定向，这能够提醒编辑者，这样的内容可以在其高层次的条目中进行简要添加，这类重定应须采用相应的模板；例如大匹兹堡童军会应重定向到宾夕法尼亚州的童军活动。上述重定向应采用{{r with possibilities}}标签，提醒编辑者此重定向未来可能会有潜力创建一个完整的条目。
资讯与导览元件
Infoboxes are used to provide a consistent summary of the subject; navboxes help readers browse through related articles. The main infobox is {{Infobox WorldScouting}} and is used for organizations, events, awards and camps; a number of other specialized templates are available for use at Wikipedia:WikiProject Scouting/Templates. Non-free images used in infoboxes should be directly related to the subject; the use of generic logos is not recommended and usually constitutes a purely decorative use.
Navigation templates specific to Scouting can be found at Wikipedia:WikiProject Scouting/Templates. Non-free images should not be used in navboxes—this is considered a decorative use.
条目布局
The following suggested layouts are intended to help structure a new article or when an existing article requires a substantial rewrite. Changing an established article simply to fit these guidelines should be discussed to gain consensus. The given order of sections is also encouraged but may be varied, particularly if that helps an article progressively develop concepts and avoid repetition. Suggested sections not applicable to the subject should not be included. Articles in a series should use a consistent layout. See also and External links sections should be avoided when possible by using wikilinks and references in the body of the article.
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内容
琐碎内容
请避免在文章主体中，加入琐碎的资讯章节。历史、影响或流行文化章节可以协助您组织这些内容。
过度描述细节的内容
条目撰写时不得包含：
- Recipents, staff, alumni or other persons unless they really meet notability standards.
- Detailed information presented in other articles; include a short synopsis with a wikilink to the proper article.
- Non-notable details. Example: Do not include the number of fridges in the kitchen, construction of latrines and the like.
- Individual campsite details within a larger camp; a short, common description is preferred.
- Lyrics to camp specific songs or prayers not used at a national or regional level; see Wilderness Grace for a number of variations on this prayer.
规定与要求
Articles may include the requirements for an award or advancement but should not include verbatim copies of these requirements. Most requirement lists use second person tone, use jargon and usually include prerequisites or other requirements that are defined elsewhere. Requirements need to be summarized and prosified. The article should include only general details on how the requirements may be met, but there should be proper references to a site or document that does give details. Historical requirements should be in a separate section from the current requirements.
参见与外部链接
Links included in the See also and External links sections should be integrated into the body of the article whenever possible and used as references. Links that are already used in the body of the article or in an infobox should not be replicated in these sections.
These sections are often used as a quick and easy way to add material to an article. This is not necessarily bad, as a maintaining editor can see the worth of such a link and incorporate it in the body of the article as needed. Links must be examined as to their relationship to the context and scope of the article; if the link does not fit the context and scope, then the link should be redacted or moved to the proper article.
Formatting
A best practice is to use citation templates to format external links. Web links should include the accessdate field; as these links age, they should be checked to see if they are still live or relevant and the accessdate updated. The proper use of templates also help to prevent titles and descriptions created by editors that may be exhibit POV and makes it easier for another editor to work a link in as a reference.
姊妹计划
When there is applicable material on a sister project such as Wikiquote, Wikisource or Wikimedia Commons, then the appropriate project templates should be added to either See also or External links.
主题
如果所属条目没有包含主题连结的导览模板，请在“参见”等类似章节开头加上{{Portal|童軍}}。这适用于其他维基百科主题。
童军团连结
童军条目中的一种特殊问题，就是会在国家或世界童军相关的条目中，加入个别童军团的外部链接。举例：童军团网站通常会在童军 (美国童军)中显示；然而美国童军拥有4.2万个童军团，即使将其中一小部分连结加进这个条目，数量也是很庞大的。
比较好的作法，就是增加一个列举这些童军团的外部网站链接。开放式目录计划是一个很好的来源，因为它包含了这些童军团的连结，在此情况下可以使用{{dmoz}}标明。
举例：
*{{dmoz|Recreation/Scouting/Organizations/Boy_Scouts_of_America/Troops|Boy Scouts of America: Troops}}
- 就会得到：
列表
Lists should have criteria for inclusion and formatting guidelines clearly defined on the article talk page. Example: Talk:List of Eagle Scouts (Boy Scouts of America). The use of non-free media in lists usually fails the test for significance.
引用来源
Wikipedia has three systems for citing sources: embedded citations, author-date referencing (Harvard) and footnotes. These systems should not normally be mixed; converting an article from one system to another should be discussed before changes are applied.
The preferred method is to use footnotes formatted with citation templates to provide clear references in an article. This method is not mandatory, but is considered a best practice. Using citation templates also makes the references accessible to reference management software such as Zotero. A tutorial on how to use these systems together is available at Wikipedia:WikiProject Scouting/References.
分类
童军条目相关的分类准则，详见Wikipedia:童军专题/分类。
影像
在童军相关条目中使用影像的流程，可参考Wikipedia:童军专题/影像。这包含了如何应用维基百科所制订的影像方针与指引、影像品质指引与如何使用影像。
条目维护
Processes related to maintenance such as creating, merging, moving and deleting Scouting-related articles are outlined at Wikipedia:WikiProject Scouting/Article maintenance. These processes include the use of project templates and how to announce maintenance related issues to the project community.