不作恶
此条目翻译品质不佳。 (2016年5月5日) |
不作恶(英语:Don't be evil)为Google提出的企业座右铭及口号[1],有时会错误地写成“Do no evil”[2][3]。
出处
Google员工保罗·布克海特在2000年年初的有关企业价值观会议上第一个建议采用此口号[4],或是2001年提出[2],也可能是由另一Google工程师阿米特帕特尔于1999年提出[5]。
诠释
布赫海特,Gmail的创造者,曾说过:
“ | “想做的是一种,一旦推出,就很难再割舍的东西”(英语:wanted something that, once you put it in there, would be hard to take out),并曾说:“这也多少影射了许多其他公司,特别是我们的竞争对手,在那时,我们看来,他们在一定程度上是在掠夺用户。”(英语:also a bit of a jab at a lot of the other companies, especially our competitors, who at the time, in our opinion, were kind of exploiting the users to some extent)[4] | ” |
当时这是Google的经营理念之一[6]。Google 2004年的首次公开募股的招股书(又名“S-1”),(Google创始人的一封信,后来被称为“不作恶宣言”):
“ | “不要作恶。我们坚信,作为一个为世界做好事的公司,从长远来看,我们会得到更好的回馈-即使我们放弃一些短期收益。”(英语:Don't be evil. We believe strongly that in the long term, we will be better served [...] — by a company that does good things for the world even if we forgo some short term gains)[7] | ” |
现在很多公司有“道德守则”来规范他们的行为,Google声称“不作恶”已经成为他们的身份[8]和他们自称的核心价值观念的核心支柱之一[9]。“不作恶”组成了Google核心价值观的第六点:
“ | “做正确的事:不作恶。在我们所做的一切中都保持正直和诚实。我们的经营做法无可非议。我们做好事来赚钱。(英语:Do the right thing: don't be evil. Honesty and Integrity in all we do. Our business practices are beyond reproach. We make money by doing good things)”[6][8] | ” |
首次公开发行前,拉里·佩奇和谢尔盖·布林在Google2004年创始人至股东的公开信[10]中解释说他们“不作恶”的文化绝不会和利益冲突,并需要客观、不带偏见看待:
Google用户们信任我们的系统为他们做出重大决定提供的帮助:医疗、 金融和其他许多方面。据我所知,我们的提供的搜索结果是最好的,是无偏见和客观的,我们不接受为了收录或为了更加频繁的更新而提供的付款。我们也展示广告,会让它与搜索结果相关并且明确将广告标注出来。这正像经营有方的报纸,广告被清楚的注明而文章并不受到付款的广告商们的限制。我们认为,每个人都应该能够得到最好的信息用于研究,而不是只看到那些付费推广的信息。
(英语:Google users trust our systems to help them with important decisions: medical, financial and many others. Our search results are the best we know how to produce. They are unbiased and objective, and we do not accept payment for them or for inclusion or more frequent updating. We also display advertising, which we work hard to make relevant, and we label it clearly. This is similar to a well-run newspaper, where the advertisements are clear and the articles are not influenced by the advertisers’ payments. We believe it is important for everyone to have access to the best information and research, not only to the information people pay for you to see。)
批评与质疑
外界批评Google时通常会提到Google没有确实履行“不作恶”原则[11]。
加州大学伯克利分校法学院主任克里斯·胡夫纳格尔[12]认为:“联系到搜索结果中的广告,与Google一开始表达的“不作恶”的座右铭不符。不过,他认为google清楚地将广告与搜索结果分开是法律允许的,因此,Google的做法成为了现在的主流。胡夫纳格尔认为Google应该放弃座右铭,因为:
Google关于做恶的铭言不仅给Google带来沉重的负担,它还掩盖了Google大量的广告收益。因为我们已经忘记了当初Google不做恶声明的前后脉络,公司应提醒公众他们对“搜索带广告”的革命性贡献,以及他们的运作模式当中一些被忽视的收益。
(英语:The evil talk is not only an albatross for Google, it obscures the substantial consumer benefits from Google’s advertising model. Because we have forgotten the original context of Google’s evil representations, the company should remind the public of the company’s contribution to a revolution in search advertising, and highlight some overlooked benefits of their model)
2013年6月,美国中央情报局前雇员爱德华·斯诺登向媒体披露了“棱镜计划”监听项目的秘密文档,资料显示Google参与了这一项目。其后Google虽然做出回应,称“我们没有加入任何给予美国政府亦或是任何其他政府—对我们服务器直接访问的计划”[13],但仍有舆论质疑其行为与“不作恶”相悖[14]。
2018年5月,不作恶字眼于 Google 行为准则开头段落中被移除,仅在行为准则结尾提到不作恶,当时 Google 内部正因参与 Project Maven 而发生争议。[15]
参考文献
- ^ Google Code of Conduct. Google. 2012-04-25 [2013-12-31]. (原始内容存档于2014-05-31).
While there have been unsourced allegations that Google dropped this motto, it remains at the very head of Google's Code of Conduct.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Gleick, James, How Google Dominates Us, 纽约书评, [2013-03-27], (原始内容存档于2015-10-29)
- ^ ndouglas, Don't be evil. Fact-check the company motto, Gawker, 2006-02-09 [2013-03-27], (原始内容存档于2012-07-08)
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Paul Buchheit on Gmail, AdSense and More. Blogoscoped. 2007-01-25 [2013-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2015-11-17).(语录来源:《工作上的投资者》,ISBN 978-1590597149,作者:杰西卡·利文斯顿)
- ^ Don't Be Evil or don't lose value?. 雪梨晨锋报 (AU). 2008-04-15 [2013-03-27]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-24).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Corporate Information. Google. [2011-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-08).
- ^ Ovide, Shira. What Would 2004 Google Say About Antitrust Probe?. 华尔街日报. 2011-06-23 [2013-03-27]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-24).
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Google Core Values. Blogoscoped. 2007-01-25 [2013-06-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-09).
- ^ Google Hamburg Gallery. Blogoscoped. 2007-01-25 [2011-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-03).
- ^ Letter from the founders, "an owner's manual" for Google's shareholders. USA: 美国证券交易委员会. 14 Aug 2004 [2013-03-27]. (原始内容存档于2011-01-08).
- ^
- Cowley, Stacy. Google CEO on censoring: "We did an evil scale". InfoWorld. 2006-01-27 [2011-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2009-03-22).
- II. How Censorship Works in China: A Brief Overview, "Race to the Bottom": Corporate Complicity in Chinese Internet Censorship, 人权观察, [2011-11-25], (原始内容存档于2009-09-01)
- Amnesty International. [2011-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2006-05-20).
- Wickre, Karen. Testimony: The Internet in China. Google. 2006-02-15 [2011-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2009-12-30).
- 谷歌“不作恶”口号沦为遮羞布. CN: 人民日报. 2009-06-19 [2009-06-27]. (原始内容存档于2013-09-21).
- 卫敏丽. 有关部门对“谷歌中国”传播淫秽色情信息行为依法处罚. 新华网. 2009-06-19 [2009-06-26]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-22).
- Drummond, David. A New Approach to China. Google. [2011-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2010-01-13).
- Abell, John C. Google's 'Don't Be Evil' Mantra Is 'Bullshit,' Adobe Is Lazy: Apple’s Steve Jobs (Update 2). Wired. 2010-01-30 [2011-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2012-01-14).
- Koski, Olivia. 10 Media Takes on the Google-Verizon Net Neutrality Proposal. Wired. 2010-08-10 [2011-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2012-04-27).
- Green, Adam. Google Goes "Evil". 赫芬顿邮报. 2010-08-26 [2011-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-25).
- Lawful Rebellion — Roger Hayes challenges Liverpool City Council (video), Birkenhead, UK, 7 March 2011 [19 May 2011], (原始内容存档于2020-11-20)
- ^ Hoofnagle, Chris. Beyond Google and evil: How policy makers, journalist and consumers should talk differently about Google and privacy. First Monday. April 2009, 14 (4–6) [2013-03-27]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-17).
- ^ What the ...?. Google Official Blog. June 7, 2013 [June 8, 2013]. (原始内容存档于2013-06-08).
- ^ 何青青. 李开复否认与“棱镜门”有关 声明用词“不妥”删后重发. 乌有之乡. 2013-06-24 [2014-12-31]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-31).
- ^ Google 行为准则不再强调“不作恶”. [2019-05-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-15).
外部链接
- http://www.savingsmallbusiness.org(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - 该网站展示Google如何通过从搜索结果中移除小公司的网站来增加Google的收入。
- Hoofnagle, Chris. Beyond Google and evil: How policy makers, journalist and consumers should talk differently about Google and privacy. First Monday. April 2009, 14 (4–6) [2013-03-27]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-17)..
- Google vs. Evil (11.01), [2013-03-27], (原始内容存档于2014-03-15).
- Drummond, David. A New Approach to China. Google. [2011-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2010-01-13)..
- Corporate Information. Google. [2011-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-08)..
- Google Code of Conduct. Google. 2012-04-25 [2013-12-31]. (原始内容存档于2014-05-31)..