奥克斯特德
奥克斯特德（英语：Oxted）是英格兰萨里郡坦德里奇区的一个镇、民政教区，位于北唐斯丘陵脚下，克罗伊登登东南9英里（14千米）。它是一个睡城，有直达伦敦的火车。
奥克斯特德
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  奥克斯特德 奥克斯特德在萨里郡的位置 | |
| 面积 | 15.15平方千米（5.85平方英里） |
| 人口 | 11,314[1] |
| • 人口密度 | 747/km2（1,930/sq mi） |
| OS 格网参考 | TQ3953 |
| • 伦敦 | 17.9 mi（29 km） |
| 民政教区 |
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| 区 | |
| 郡份 | |
| 国家 | 英格兰 |
| 主权国家 | 英国 |
| 邮镇 | Oxted |
| 邮区 | RH8 |
| 电话区号 | 01883 |
| 警察 | 萨里郡警察 |
| 消防 | 萨里郡消防救援局 |
| 救护 | 东南海岸救护车服务 |
| 英国国会选区 |
|
词源
此地地名最早出现于一份公元862年的盎格鲁-撒克逊文献，记载为“Acustyde” [2]。1086年的末日审判书中为“Acstede”[3]，此后，陆续出现Akested （12世纪）、 Axsted 、 Axstude和Ocsted （13世纪）和Oxsted （14世纪）等写法[4]。其名来源于古英语，āc意为“橡树”，stede意为“地方”。[3][4]
历史
铁器时代当地就有人类活动，考古发现包括一枚可追溯到公元前3世纪或4世纪的金属胸针[5]。在罗马时期，从伦敦到刘易斯以及从伦敦到布赖顿的道路从奥克斯特德两侧经过[6]。其定居点形成于盎格鲁-撒克逊时期，当地的圣玛丽教堂可能建在异教宗教遗址上[7]。从撒克逊时代晚期开始，该地区就属于坦德里奇区（Tandridge Hundred）。[8]
参考文献
- ^ Key Statistics; Quick Statistics: Population Density 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期11 February 2003. United Kingdom Census 2011 Office for National Statistics Retrieved 21 November 2013
- ^ Leveson-Gower, Granville. Surrey Etymologies: Tandridge Hundred - Part II (PDF). Surrey Archaeological Collections. 1874, 6: 127–226 [1 December 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于7 May 2022）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Mills 2003，第360页.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Gover, Mawer & Stenton 1969，第332-334页.
- ^ Williams, David. Some recent finds from East Surrey (PDF). Surrey Archaeological Collections. 1996, 83: 165–186 [2 December 2021]. doi:10.5284/1069216. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于7 May 2022）.
- ^ Ketteringham, Lesley. The M25 from Godstone to the Kent boundary (PDF). Surrey Archaeological Collections. 1990, 80: 121–132 [2 December 2021]. doi:10.5284/1069166. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于7 May 2022）.
- ^ Packham 1987，Introduction.
- ^ Alderton 1999，第13-14页.
- Alderton, Mary. Oxted 2000: Oxted, Hurst Green and district – A history and guide for the millenium. Oxted: Oxted Parish Council. 1999. ISBN 978-0-95-362210-8.
- Alderton, Mary; Bridson, Michael. All Saints' yesterday and today: A history and portrait of the church and parish. Oxted: All Saints' Catholic Church. 2004.
- Blatch, Mervyn. The churches of Surrey. Chichester: Phillimore. 1997. ISBN 978-1-86-077002-9.
- Bower, Tom. Fayed: The Unauthorized Biography
. Macmillan. 1998: 43. ISBN 978-0-33-374554-0. - Bristow, Ron G. A history of Master Park, Oxted, Surrey. Oxted. 2002. ISBN 978-0-95-421670-2.
- Brown, Stanley. Continuing history of the Barn Theatre, Oxted – from 1948 to the present. Oxted: Barn Theatre. 1994.
- Crocker, Glenys. Surrey's Industrial Past (PDF). Guildford: Surrey Industrial History Group. 1999. ISBN 978-0-95-239188-3. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于3 February 2021）.
- Crook, Paul. Surrey Home Guard. Midhurst: Middleton Press. 2000. ISBN 1-901-70657-5.
- Dines, HG; Edmunds, FH; Chatwin, CP; Stubblefield, CJ. The geology of the country around Reigate and Dorking : Explanation of one-inch geological sheet 286, new series. London: British Geological Survey. 1933 [25 July 2020]. （原始内容存档于2 January 2021）.
- Dines, HG; Buchan, S; Holmes, SCA; Bristow, CR; Stubblefield, CJ. The geology of the country around Sevenoaks and Tonbridge : Explanation of one-inch geological sheet 287, new series. London: British Geological Survey. 1969 [14 April 2022]. （原始内容存档于7 May 2022）.
- Fry, Lewis G. (编). Oxted, Limpsfield and neighbourhood. Oxted: W. & G. Godwin. 1932.
- Gould, David. The Croydon, Oxted & East Grinstead Railway. Usk: Oakwood Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-85-361598-9.
- Gover, J.E.B.; Mawer, A.; Stenton, F.M. The place-names of Surrey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1969.
- Harrison, Beatrice. Cleveland-Peck, Patricia , 编. The cello and the nightingales : The autobiography of Beatrice Harrison. London: John Murray. 1985. ISBN 0-71-954208-1.
- Hébert, Brian; Packham, Roger. Oxted Cricket Club 1890-1990: A centenary celebration. Oxted: Oxted Cricket Club. 1990.
- Malden, H.E. (编). A History of the County of Surrey 4. London: Victoria County History. 1911 [27 November 2021]. （原始内容存档于26 November 2021）.
- McCarthy, Kathleen. A hundred years in Hurst Green: The story of the church of St John the Evangelist. Hurst Green: Church of St John the Evangelist. 2013.
- Mills, A.D. Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-19-852758-9.
- Ogley, Bob. Surrey at war 1939-1945. Brasted Chart: Froglets. 1995. ISBN 978-1-87-233765-4.
- Packham, Roger. Oxted in old picture postcards 1. Zaltbommel, NL: European Library. 1987. ISBN 978-9-02-883493-4.
- Packham, Roger. Oxted in old picture postcards 2. Zaltbommel, NL: European Library. 1990. ISBN 978-9-02-884920-4.
- Percy, Kay; Gray, Peter (编). Oxted Explored. Oxted: Tandridge District Council. 1975.
- Tippett, Michael. Those twentieth century blues : An autobiography . London: Hutchinson. 1991. ISBN 978-0-09-175307-8.
