改变性取向的尝试

改变性取向的尝试(Sexual orientation change efforts,SOCE)是指试图将同性恋双性恋者的性取向改为异性恋的努力[1],其方法可能包括行为技巧、认知行为技巧、精神分析技术、医学方法、宗教和精神方法[2]。在世界的部分地区,更有通过性暴力行为(矫正强奸)试图改变性取向的尝试。没有足够的科学研究证明这些方法可以改变性取向[2]。行为和社会科学以及健康和心理健康行业的长期公司共识是同性恋和双性恋行为本身就是正常行为[1][3]。始终未有研究能证明同性恋是疾病或异常行为[4][5]

法律地位

 
  性向改变属犯罪的国家和地区
  医学从业者不允许实施性向改变的国家和地区
  性向改变在某些行政区划中属犯罪的国家和地区
  禁止性向改变的法律被提出但尚未通过的国家和地区
  没有禁止性向改变的国家和地区

马耳他法国德国阿尔巴尼亚墨西哥加拿大等国家,进行性向改变治疗属犯罪[6]。如巴西厄瓜多尔台湾等的国家不允许医学从业者进行性向改变治疗[7]

人权状况

2020年,国际酷刑受害者康复委员会英语International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims的一份官方文档指出性向改变是酷刑的一种[8]。同年,联合国的性取向和性别认同专家维克多·马季高-博柳兹英语Victor Madrigal-Borloz指出,性向改变治疗“带有歧视性,是残暴、不人道、侮辱性的待遇;基于受害者经历的心理与生理痛苦的严重性,它可以被视作是一种酷刑”。他建议在全球禁止性向改变[9]。2021年,伊利亚斯·奇波提斯(Ilias Trispiotis)和克雷格·珀仕豪斯(Craig Purshouse)认为性向改变违反了欧洲人权公约中禁止侮辱性待遇的第三条,导致了禁止性向改变的国家义务[7][10]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 American Psychological Association: Resolution on Appropriate Affirmative Responses to Sexual Orientation Distress and Change Efforts页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Judith M. Glassgold, PsyD, Chair; Lee Beckstead, PhD; Jack Drescher, MD; Beverly Greene, PhD; Robin Lin Miller, PhD; Roger L. Worthington, PhD; Clinton W. Anderson, PhD, Staff Liaison. Report of the American Psychological Association Task Force on Appropriate Therapeutic Responses to Sexual Orientation (PDF). APA.org. American Psychological Association. August 2009 [2015-07-28]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-06-15). 
  3. ^ "Therapies" to change sexual orientation lack medical justification and threaten health. Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). [2012-05-26]. (原始内容存档于2012-05-26). 
  4. ^ Brief of Amici Curiae American Psychological Association; Maine Psychological Association; National Association of Social Workers; National Association of Social Workers, Maine Chapter; Maine Association of Psychiatric Physicians; Child Welfare League of America; Maine Children’s Alliance; Maine Medical Association; American Academy of Pediatrics, Maine Chapter; Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute; Kids First; and Community Counseling Center, In Support of Appellants (October 12, 2006) (PDF). [2017-12-19]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-05-20). 
  5. ^ Royal College of Psychiatrists: Submission to the Church of England’s Listening Exercise on Human Sexuality.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  6. ^ Branch, Legislative Services. Consolidated federal laws of canada, An Act to amend the Criminal Code (conversion therapy). laws.justice.gc.ca. 2022-01-10 [2023-02-11]. (原始内容存档于2023-02-11). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Trispiotis, Ilias; Purshouse, Craig. ‘Conversion Therapy’ As Degrading Treatment. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. Spring 2022, 42 (1) [2023-02-11]. PMID 35264896. doi:10.1093/ojls/gqab024. (原始内容存档于2023-02-11) (英语). 
  8. ^ "Conversion Therapy is Torture". International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  9. ^ ‘Conversion therapy’ can amount to torture and should be banned says UN expert. OHCHR. [2023-02-11]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-27) (英语). 
  10. ^ Nugraha, Ignatius Yordan. The compatibility of sexual orientation change efforts with international human rights law. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights. 2017-09, 35 (3) [2023-02-11]. ISSN 0924-0519. doi:10.1177/0924051917724654. (原始内容存档于2023-04-21) (英语). 

相关条目

外部链接