核糖体分流
核糖体分流(Ribosome shunting)为真核生物细胞的核糖体翻译一些病毒mRNA时,在扫描mRNA的过程中跳过5′非翻译区部分二级结构复杂的序列,直接与该序列下游的序列结合的机制[1],最早于1990年代在花椰菜嵌纹病毒(CaMV)的mRNA中发现[2]。许多病毒mRNA的核糖体分流需仰赖其5′非翻译区的上游开放阅读框(uORF),核糖体完成uORF的翻译后(通常仅有2-15个密码子),60S核糖体亚基自核糖体脱离,40S核糖体亚基则跳过(take-off)mRNA下游5-10nt处一段二级结构复杂的序列,与下游的降落位点(landing site)结合,再重新开始扫描,找到下一个开放阅读框的起始密码子后再次与60S亚基结合而开始翻译[2][3]。
已知腺病毒[4]、仙台病毒[5][6]、人类乳突病毒(HPV)、人泡沫病毒[2]、鸭乙型肝炎病毒[2]、水稻东格鲁杆状病毒(RTBV)[7]与花椰菜嵌纹病毒[8]等多种病毒的mRNA翻译都有核糖体分流的机制。
参考文献
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