美国衰落

美国衰落是一种观点。该观点支持者认为美国在地缘政治军事金融经济社会、文化、道德、医疗保健或环境议题上的实力正在衰落 [1][2][3]。对于衰落的程度,以及它是相对衰落还是绝对衰落,一直存在着争论。那些认为美国正在衰落的人被称作“衰落论者”[4][5]

中华人民共和国俄罗斯伊朗的崛起正在挑战美国的全球主导地位,是关于美国衰落争论中的一个核心因素 [6][7][8]。美国不再是唯一在世界各个地区的各个领域都占据主导地位的无争议的超级大国 [9][10][11]。根据2021年亚洲实力指数英语Asia Power Index显示,在亚洲范围内,美国在文化影响力、外交影响力和防御网络方面仍然处于领先地位,但在经济能力和经济关系这两个参数上落后于中国[12]

美国军事优势的持续缩小、预算赤字不断加大、地缘政治上的过度扩张、道德及社会的转变都被认为是美国衰落的可能原因。一些评论员将这种衰落与特朗普政府的政策联系起来。 [13][14][15][16][17]其他人则认为特朗普的崛起只是加速了美国领导力、稳定性和权力的衰落。[18][19][20]

一些学者指美国衰落的理论长期以来一直都是美国文化的一部分。[21][22]2021年国会大厦骚乱后对媒体对1019名美国人进行了民意调查,其中79%的受访者表示美国正在“分崩离析”。 同时,类似比例的受访者表示他们“为自己是美国人而自豪”。[23][24][25][26]

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Friedman, Hershey H.; Hertz, Sarah. Is the United States Still the Best Country in the World? Think Again. SSRN Electronic Journal (Elsevier BV). 2015. ISSN 1556-5068. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2622722 (英语). 
  2. ^ The Hidden Meaning Of American Decline. Huffington Post. 2018-05-24 [2019-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-30). 
  3. ^ ROSENBERG, MARK. Biden's opportunity to flip the script on U.S. decline. 2021-01-22 [2021-02-02]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-27). 
  4. ^ McArdle, Megan. America's Perpetual Decline. The Atlantic. 2010-10-07 [2019-03-29]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-14). 
  5. ^ Edelman, Eric S. Understanding America's Contested Primacy (PDF). Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments英语Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. 2010 [2021-04-23]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-04-25). 
  6. ^ Wyne, Ali. Is America Choosing Decline?. The New Republic. 2018-06-21 [2019-03-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-20). 
  7. ^ Brown, Stuart S. The Future of US Global Power: Delusions of Decline. Palgrave Macmillan. 2013 [2019-03-24]. ISBN 9781137023155. (原始内容存档于2021-04-05) (英语). 
  8. ^ Rapoza, Kenneth. The Future: China's Rise, America's Decline. Forbes. [2019-03-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-12) (英语). 
  9. ^ Does China Outspend US on Defense?. The Unz Review. [2020-05-06]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-24). 
  10. ^ Allison, Graham. China Is Now the World's Largest Economy. We Shouldn't Be Shocked.. The National Interest. 2020-10-15 [2020-10-23]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-16) (英语). 
  11. ^ Asia Power Index | US. power.lowyinstitute.org. [2020-10-20]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-15) (英语). The United States remains the most powerful country in the region but registered the largest fall in relative power of any Indo–Pacific country in 2020. A ten-point overall lead over China two years ago has been narrowed by half in 2020. 
  12. ^ China - Lowy Institute Asia Power Index. Lowy Institute Asia Power Index 2021. [2021-12-05]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-05) (英语). 
  13. ^ Paz, Christian. All the President's Lies About the Coronavirus. The Atlantic. 2020-11-02 [2021-02-05]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-22) (英语). 
  14. ^ Wyne, Ali. Is America Choosing Decline?. The New Republic. 21 June 2018 [28 March 2019]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-20).  参数|magazine=与模板{{cite news}}不匹配(建议改用{{cite magazine}}|newspaper=) (帮助)
  15. ^ Ward, Alex. America's declining power, in one quote. Vox. 14 September 2018 [17 March 2019]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-09). 
  16. ^ Agerholm, Harriet. Nobel prize nominee who predicted 9/11 and the fall of the Berlin wall has a terrifying message about Trump. The Independent. 7 December 2016 [27 March 2019]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-14) (英语). 
  17. ^ The Hidden Meaning Of American Decline. Huffington Post. 24 May 2018 [15 March 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-30). 
  18. ^ Haynie, Devon. Report: American Quality of Life Declines Over Past Decade. usnews. 2020. (原始内容存档于2022-07-06). 
  19. ^ Opinion - Trump Fast-Forwards American Decline. The New York Times. 28 June 2019 [2021-04-24]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-08). 
  20. ^ Switzer, Tom. The decline in America leadership predates Donald Trump. The Sydney Morning Herald. 4 August 2017 [2021-04-24]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-07). 
  21. ^ Weisbrode, Kenneth. Don't Panic about America's Cultural Decline. The National Interest. 19 July 2016 [26 March 2019]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-10) (英语). 
  22. ^ Bell, David A. Political Columnists Think America Is In Decline. Big Surprise.. The New Republic. 2010-10-07 [2021-01-08]. ISSN 0028-6583. (原始内容存档于2022-03-11).  参数|magazine=与模板{{cite news}}不匹配(建议改用{{cite magazine}}|newspaper=) (帮助)
  23. ^ Allen, Mike. Republicans and Democrats agree — the country is falling apart. Axios. [2021-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-03) (英语). 
  24. ^ 79 percent of Americans say US is falling apart. Futurism. [2021-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-07) (英语). 
  25. ^ Majority of Americans now support removing Trump from office. Ipsos. 13 January 2021 [2 February 2021]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-11). 
  26. ^ Castronuovo, Celine. 4 in 5 say US is falling apart: survey. The Hill. January 14, 2021 [February 2, 2021]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-25).