利塔尼河
黎巴嫩河流
利塔尼河（阿拉伯語：نهر الليطاني），黎巴嫩主要河流之一。該河發源於貝卡谷地，向南流至戈蘭高地附近，距以色列邊境約20餘公里處時，因受高地阻擋，轉而向西切穿黎巴嫩山脈，在提爾以北流入地中海，全長140公里，是黎巴嫩境內第一大河。河上有水庫，是黎巴嫩南部和貝卡谷地主要的灌溉水源來源。
| 利塔尼河 | |
|---|---|
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| 國家 | 黎巴嫩 |
| 河口 | 地中海 |
利塔尼河下游傳統上被認為是加利利地區和黎巴嫩山脈地區的分界線。1982年至2000年，其下游長期成為以色列占領區與黎巴嫩的分界線。
參考來源
- Ramadan, H.H., Beighley, R.E and Ramamurthy, A.S. (2013). "Temperature and precipitation trends in Lebanon’s largest river: the Litani Basin」, American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 139 (1), pp. 86–95.
- Ramadan, H.H., Ramamurthy, A.S., and Beighley, R.E (2012). "Inter-annual temperature and precipitation variations over the Litani Basin in response to atmospheric circulation patterns」, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Volume 108, Numbers 3-4 (2012), pp. 563–577.
- Ramadan, H.H., Beighley R.E. and Ramamurthy A.S. (2012). "Modeling Streamflow Trends for a Watershed with Limited Data: A case on the Litani Basin, Lebanon」 Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (8), pp. 1516–1529.
- Ramadan, H.H., Ramamurthy A.S. and Beighley R.E. (2013). "Sensitivity of the Litani Basin’s runoff in Lebanon to climate change.」 International Journal of Environment and Pollution (in press).
- Bregman, Ahron (2002). Israel's Wars: A History Since 1947. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-28716-2
- Raad, Daoud, 2004. "Localized irrigation in Qasmieh-Ras-el-Aïn: a technique to be encouraged" pdf file
- Amery, H. A. 1993. "The Litani River of Lebanon", Geographical Review 83 (3) pp229–237.
- Assaf, Hamed and Saadeh, Mark. "Development of an Integrated Decision Support System for Water Quality Control in the Upper Litani Basin, Lebanon", Proceedings of the iEMSs Third Biennial Meeting, "Summit on Environmental Modelling and Software". International Environmental Modelling and Software Society, Burlington, USA, July 2006.