山龍眼科

山龍眼科; 化石時期：土侖階至現代 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	南非國花帝王花 Protea cynaroides
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
目：	山龍眼目 Proteales
科：	山龍眼科 Proteaceae; Juss.
屬
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山龍眼科包括80屬，約2000餘種，主要分布在南半球，大部分種類在澳洲和南非，此外在南美洲和東南亞有少數種類^[1]，中國原產的有山龍眼屬和假山龍眼屬2屬共21種，分布在南方。

本科植物多為灌木或喬木，稀為多年生草本；單葉互生、稀對生或輪生，常革質，無托葉；花兩性，稀單性，通常左右對稱，稀為輻射對稱，無花瓣；花萼為花瓣狀，4基數，具有顏色，花小，但花序明顯，有特異化的很特殊的傳粉機制^[2]；果實為堅果、核果、蒴果或蓇葖果。各品種適應分化的非常嚴重，因此有時很難通過共性確定其科屬^[3]，但各屬之間還是有明顯的區別。

下屬分類

本科包括以下屬：

Acidonia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
Adenanthes Knight, 1809
Adenanthos Labill.
Adenanthus Roem. & Schult., 1818
Agastachys R.Br.
Agnostus A.Cunn., 1832
Agnostus G.Don ex Loudon, 1832
Alloxylon P.H.Weston & Crisp
Anademia C.Agardh, 1826
Aplectotremas B.S.Serlin, 1982
Arthrostygma Steud.
Athertonia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
Aulax P.J.Bergius
Austromuellera C.T.White
棒柯屬 Banksia L.f.
Banksicarpus Velenovský & Viniklár, 1927
Banksieaeformis R.S.Hill & D.C.Christophel, 1988
Banksieaeidites Cookson, 1950
Banksieaephyllum I.C.Cookson & S.L.Duigan, 1950
Banksites Saporta, 1861
Beauprea Brongn. & Gris
Beaupreaidites I.C.Cookson ex R.Potonié, 1960
Beaupreopsis Virot
Bellendena R.Br.
Bleasdalea F.Muell. ex Domin
Bleasdalea F.Muell., 1865
Brabejum L.
Buckinghamia F.Muell.
Cardwellia F.Muell.
Carnarvonia F.Muell.
Catalepidia P.H.Weston
Cenarrhenes Labill.
Cennarrhenes Steud., 1840
Chilurus (R.Brown) Spach, 1841
Conchocaryon F.von Mueller, 1879
Conocarpus Adans., 1763
Conogyne (R.Br.) Spach, 1841
Conospermites Ettingshausen, 1867
Conospermum Sm.
Constantinium Unger, 1863
Cranwellipollis A.R.H.Martin & W.K.Harris, 1975
Cybele Salisb.
Cycloptera (R.Br.) Spach, 1841
Darlingia F.Muell.
Deastella Loudon, 1830
Diastella Salisb.
Diastella Salisb. ex Knight
Dilobeia Thouars
Diplotera C.A.Gardner, 1933
Doroteoxylon M.Nishida, H.Nishida & T.Ohsawa, 1989
Dryandroides Unger, 1850
Echitriporites Van der Hammen, 1956
Eidothea A.W.Douglas & B.Hyland
Embothriophyllum P.Dusén, 1899
Embothriopsis Hollick, 1912
Embothrites Unger, 1850
Embothrium J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
Embotrium Ruiz & Pav., 1794
Eriostylis (R.Br.) Spach, 1841
Erodendron Meisn., 1856
Eucarpha Spach
Euplassa Salisb.
Euplassa Salisb. ex Knight
Euproteaciphyllum G.J.Jordan, R.J.Carpenter & R.S.Hill, 1998
Faurea Harv.
Finschia Warb.
Floydia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
Franklandia R.Br.
Garnieria Brongn. & Gris
Gevuina Molina
Gissonia Salisb.
銀樺屬 Grevillea R.Br. ex Knight
Grevillia Knight, 1809
哈克木屬 Hakea Schrad.
Hakeites Saporta, 1861
山龍眼屬 Helicia Lour.
假山龍眼屬 Heliciopsis Sleumer
Hicksbeachia F.Muell.
Hollandaea F.Muell.
Hollickia V.A.Krassilov, 1979
Hylogyne Salisb.
Illiniocarpon Schopf, 1938
Isomerium (R.Br.) Spach, 1841
Isopogon R.Br. ex Knight
Josephia Salisb.
Kermadecia Brongn. & Gris
Knightia R.Br.
Knightiophyllum Berry, 1916
Knightiophyllum Ettingshausen, 1887
Knightites Saporta, 1861
Lambertia Sm.
Lambertiphyllum Velenovsky, 1889
鶴鴕果屬 Lasjia
P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Lasjia claudiensis (C.L.Gross & B.Hyland) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Lasjia erecta (J.A.Mc Donald & R.Ismail) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Lasjia grandis (C.L.Gross & B.Hyland) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Lasjia griseifolia Utteridge & Brambach, 2024^[4]
- Lasjia hildebrandii (Steenis) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Lasjia whelanii (F.M.Bailey) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
Lepidocarya Korth. ex Miq., 1856
Lepidocystis Lesquereux, 1880
Leucadendrites G.Saporta, 1862
木百合屬 Leucadendron Kuntze, 1891，銀葉樹屬
Leucadendron P.J.Bergius
Leucadendron R.Br.
Leucadendrum Salisb., 1807
Leucandron Steud.
Leucandrum Neck., 1790
Leucospermites G.Saporta, 1861
針墊花屬 Leucospermum R.Br.
Lewalanipollis M.E.Dettmann D.M.Jarzen, 1996
Lomatia R.Br.
Lomatites G.Saporta, 1862
Lysanthe Salisb.
Lyssanthe Endl., 1837
澳洲堅果屬 Macadamia F.Muell.
Macclintockia O.Heer, 1868
Malagasia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
Maslinia D.T.Blackburn, 1981
Megahertzia A.S.George & B.Hyland
Mimetes Salisb.
Musgravea F.Muell.
Musgraveinanthus D.C.Christophel, 1984
Myricophyllum G.Saporta, 1862
Neorites L.S.Sm.
Nothorites P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
Opisthiolepis L.S.Sm.
Oreocallis R.Br.
Orites R.Br.
Orothamnus Pappe ex Hook.
Palaeodendron G.Saporta, 1862
Palibinia E.P.Korovin, 1932
Panopsis Salisb.
Panopsis Salisb. ex Knight
Paranomus Salisb.
Persoonia Sm.
Persoonieaephyllum Carpenter et al., 2010
Petrophila R.Br., 1810
Petrophile R.Br.
Petrophile R.Br. ex Knight
Placospermum C.T.White & W.D.Francis
Platycoila F.von Mueller, 1874
多足蕨屬 Polypodium Burm.f., 1768
Propylipollis A.R.H.Martin & W.K.Harris, 1975
海神花屬 Protea L.
Proteaciphyllum H.D.McGinitie, 1974
Proteacites R.Caspary, 1881
Proteaephyllum Fontaine, 1889
Proteoides O.Heer, 1867
Proteoxylon Kräusel, 1939
Rhopalophyllum C.von Ettingshausen, 1888
Rhopalospermites G.Saporta, 1862
Rogersia
Fontaine, 1889
- Rogersia angustifolia Fontaine, 1889
- Rogersia annelidica^[5]
- Rogersia australis Cunéo & Gandolfo, 2005
- Rogersia longifolia Fontaine, 1889
Roupala Aubl.
Rymandra Salisb.
Scalarixylon R.Pujana, 2007
Serraria Burm., 1739
Serruria Burm. ex Salisb.
Sleumerodendron Virot
Soranthe Salisb.
Sorocephalus R.Br.
Spatalla Salisb.
Sphalmium B.G.Briggs, B.Hyland & L.A.S.Johnson
Stenocarpites A.T.Brongniart, 1861
Stenocarpus R.Br.
Stirlingia Endl.
Strangea Meisn.
白毛銀樺屬 Stylurus Salisb.
Symphionema R.Br.
Symphyonema R.Br., 1810
Symphyonema Spreng., 1817
Synaphea R.Br.
蒂羅花屬 Telopea R.Br.
Tenuiloba B.S.Serlin, 1982
Toronia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
Tricondylus Salisb.
Triporopollenites H.D.Pflug & P.W.Thomson, 1953
Triunia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
Turrillia A.C.Sm.
Vexatorella Rourke
Virotia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
Wilkinsonia F.von Mueller, 1879
Xylomelum Sm.

參考文獻

^ Orchard, Anthony E. (ed.). Proteaceae. Flora of Australia, Volume 16: Elaeagnaceae, Proteaceae 1. Melbourne: Australian Biological Resources Study / CSIRO Publishing. [2007-05-12]. （原始內容存檔於2006-10-31）.
^ Watson, L. and Dallwitz, M. J. Proteaceae. The Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, Information retrieval. 3 May 2006 [2006-06-26]. （原始內容存檔於2006-05-15）. |year=與|date=不匹配 (幫助); 外部連結存在於|work= (幫助)
^ Mast, A. R. and Givnish, T. J. Historical Biogeography and the Origin of Stomatal Distributions in Banksia & Dryandra (Proteaceae) Based on Their cpDNA Phylogeny. American Journal of Botany. 2002, 89 (8): 1311–1323. ISSN 0002-9122.
^ Timothy M. A. Utteridge, Liam A. Trethowan, Matilda J. M. Brown, Seth Ratcliffe, Jack Plummer, Fabian Brambach and Himmah Rustiami. 2024. A New Species of Lasjia (Proteaceae) from Sulawesi: Lasjia griseifolia Utteridge & Brambach. Kew Bulletin. DOI: 10.1007/s12225-024-10162-y
^ C. A. Shearer & J. L. Crane (1976) Illinois Fungi No. 7. Rogersia Annelidica Gen. & Sp. Nov. an Aquatic Hyphomycete Colonizing Leaves in the Sangamon River, Mycologia, 68:4, 946-950, DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1976.12019973

外部連結

[Flora_of_Australia-1] Orchard, Anthony E. (ed.). Proteaceae. Flora of Australia, Volume 16: Elaeagnaceae, Proteaceae 1. Melbourne: Australian Biological Resources Study / CSIRO Publishing. [2007-05-12]. （原始內容存檔於2006-10-31）.

[Watson_1992-2] Watson, L. and Dallwitz, M. J. Proteaceae. The Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, Information retrieval. 3 May 2006 [2006-06-26]. （原始內容存檔於2006-05-15）. |year=與|date=不匹配 (幫助); 外部連結存在於|work= (幫助)

[Mast_2002-3] Mast, A. R. and Givnish, T. J. Historical Biogeography and the Origin of Stomatal Distributions in Banksia & Dryandra (Proteaceae) Based on Their cpDNA Phylogeny. American Journal of Botany. 2002, 89 (8): 1311–1323. ISSN 0002-9122.

[4] Timothy M. A. Utteridge, Liam A. Trethowan, Matilda J. M. Brown, Seth Ratcliffe, Jack Plummer, Fabian Brambach and Himmah Rustiami. 2024. A New Species of Lasjia (Proteaceae) from Sulawesi: Lasjia griseifolia Utteridge & Brambach. Kew Bulletin. DOI: 10.1007/s12225-024-10162-y

[5] C. A. Shearer & J. L. Crane (1976) Illinois Fungi No. 7. Rogersia Annelidica Gen. & Sp. Nov. an Aquatic Hyphomycete Colonizing Leaves in the Sangamon River, Mycologia, 68:4, 946-950, DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1976.12019973

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山龍眼科化石時期：土侖階至現代 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N

南非國花帝王花 Protea cynaroides
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
目：	山龍眼目 Proteales
科：	山龍眼科 Proteaceae Juss.
屬
參見正文