弗林效應
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弗林效應(英語:Flynn effect)指智商測試的結果逐年增加的現象。
弗林效應是以詹姆斯·弗林命名的。最早提出這現象的人是理察·林恩。在1982年的一期《自然》內,他提出美國人智力測驗的成績越來越好。弗林在1984年和1987年指出,這個現象具長期性、明顯、在不少已開發國家也有。[1][2]但據挪威研究人員的研究,從1975年出生的挪威男子,IQ得分下降。[3]
可能原因
參考
- ^ Flynn, J. R. (1984). The mean IQ of Americans: Massive gains 1932 to 1978. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 29-51.
- ^ Flynn, J. R. (1987). Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 171-191.
- ^ 为什么年轻一代的 IQ 得分在下降. www.solidot.org. [2018-07-13]. (原始內容存檔於2018-07-13).
- ^ "Changes in vault dimensions must occur by early childhood because of the early development of the vault." Secular change in craniofacial morphology Archive.is的存檔,存檔日期2012-12-16 "During the 125 years under consideration, cranial vaults have become markedly higher, somewhat narrower, with narrower faces. The changes in cranial morphology are probably in large part due to changes in growth at the cranial base due to improved environmental conditions. The changes are likely a combination of phenotypic plasticity and genetic changes over this period." Cranial change in Americans: 1850-1975.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Rising Scores on Intelligence Test (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) Neisser, U. (1997). American Scientist, 85, 440-447.
- ^ Mingroni, M.A. (2004). "The secular rise in IQ: Giving heterosis a closer look". Intelligence 32: 65–83.
- ^ (Ulric Neisser et al 1998) [1] (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)