新蛇小目

新蛇小目
	眼鏡王蛇
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	爬蟲綱 Reptilia
目：	有鱗目 Squamata
亞目：	蛇亞目 Serpentes
下目：	真蛇下目 Alethinophidia
演化支：	非洲真蛇類 Afrophidia
小目：	新蛇小目 Caenophidia; Hoffstetter, 1939
科
	見正文
異名
	Xenophidia;

新蛇小目（學名：Caenophidia）是蛇亞目真蛇下目的一個小目，在蛇亞目中種類最多，分為六科。包括各種毒蛇、無毒蛇。

下級分類

本小目包括以下科：

† Anomalophiidae
† Russellophiidae

瘰鱗蛇超科 Acrochordoidea

瘰鱗蛇科 Acrochordidae
†古杯蛇科 Palaeophiidae
† Nigerophiidae

黃頷蛇類 Colubroides

閃皮蛇科 Xenodermidae

黃頷蛇形類 Colubriformes
(Günther, 1864)

鈍頭蛇科 Pareatidae

Endoglyptodonta (Zaher et al., 2009)^[1]

蝰科 Viperidae
水蛇科 Homalopsidae

眼鏡蛇超科 Elapoidea

鏟吻蛇科 Prosymnidae
Psammodynastidae Das, Greenbaum, Brecko, Pauwels, Ruane, Pirro & Merilä, 2024^[2]
Psammodynastes
Günther, 1858
- Psammodynastes pulverulentus (Boie, 1827)
花條蛇科 Psammophiidae
Pseudoxyrhophiidae
- Alluaudina Mocquard, 1894
- Amplorhinus A.Smith, 1847
- Brygophis Domergue & Bour, 1988
- Buhoma Ziegler, Vences, Glaw & Böhme, 1997
  - Buhoma depressiceps (Werner, 1897)
  - Buhoma procterae (Loveridge, 1922)
  - Buhoma vauerocegae (Tornier, 1902)
- Compsophis Mocquard, 1894
- Ditypophis Günther, 1881
- Dromicodryas Boulenger, 1893
- Duberria Fitzinger, 1826
- Elapotinus Jan, 1862
- Exallodontophis Cadle, 1999
- Heteroliodon Boettger, 1913
- Ithycyphus Günther, 1873
- Langaha Bonaterre, 1790
- Leioheterodon A.M.C.Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A.Duméril, 1854
- Liophidium Boulenger, 1896
- Liopholidophis Mocquard, 1904
- Lycodryas Günther, 1879
- Madagascarophis Mertens, 1952
- Micropisthodon Mocquard, 1894
- Pararhadinaea Boettger, 1898
- Parastenophis Domergue, 1995
- Phisalixella Domergue, 1995
- Pseudoxyrhopus Günther, 1881
- Thamnosophis Jan, 1863
屋蛇科 Lamprophiidae
穴蝰科 Atractaspididae
眼鏡蛇科 Elapidae ^[a]

黃頷蛇總科 Colubroidea

劍蛇科 Sibynophiidae
水游蛇科 Natricidae
食螺蛇科 Dipsadidae
黃頷蛇科 Colubridae

一些常見的寵物蛇有：

註釋

^ The elapids in the past were considered to have two subfamilies–the Elapinae made of terrestrial species and Hydrophiinae made of the marine species.^[3] In 1997, Slowinski, Knight and Rooney found in their phylogenetic analysis using amino acid sequences from venom proteins, that the Australasian terrestrial species nested within the Hydrophiinae. This led to removing the Australasian terrestrial species and placing them in Hydrophiinae.^[4]^[3] This has been supported in subsequent recent genomic analyses, though these same studies also found the subfamily Elapinae to be paraphyletic in respect to the Hydrophiinae.^[5]^[6]^[7] These studies have found coral snakes, cobras and mambas, kraits, and African gartersnakes forming successive outgroups to Hydrophiinae.^[6]^[7] Since clade names are available for these groups with the exception of the Elapsoidea, bringing back the subfamilies Calliophiinae, Micrurinae, Najinae, and Bungarinae is ideal.

參考文獻

^ Zaher, Hussam; Grazziotin, Felipe Gobbi; Cadle, John E.; Murphy, Robert W.; Moura-Leite, Julio Cesar de; Bonatto, Sandro L. Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Pap. Avulsos Zool. (scielo). 2009, 49: 115 – 153. ISSN 0031-1049. doi:10.1590/S0031-10492009001100001 （英語）.
^ Sunandan Das, Eli Greenbaum, Jonathan Brecko, Olivier S. G. Pauwels, Sara Ruane, Stacy Pirro and Juha Merilä. 2024. Phylogenomics of Psammodynastes and Buhoma (Elapoidea: Serpentes), with the Description of A New Asian Snake Family. Scientific Reports. 9489. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60215-2
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Mattison, C. The New Encyclopedia of Snakes. Princeton University Press. 2007.
^ Slowinski, J. B.; Knight, A.; Rooney, A. P. Inferring Species Trees from Gene Trees: A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Elapidae (Serpentes) Based on the Amino Acid Sequences of Venom Proteins.. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 1997, 8 (3): 349–362. PMID 9417893. doi:10.1006/mpev.1997.0434.
^ Pyron; Burbrink; Wiens. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2013, 13: 93. PMC 3682911  . PMID 23627680. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Lee, M. S.; Sanders, K. L.; King, B.; Palci, A. Diversification rates and phenotypic evolution in venomous snakes (Elapidae).. Royal Society Open Science. 2016, 3 (1): 1. Bibcode:2016RSOS....350277L. PMC 4736917  . PMID 26909162. doi:10.1098/rsos.150277.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Figueroa, A.; McKelvy, A. D.; Grismer, L. L.; Bell, C. D.; Lailvaux, S. P. A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus. PLOS ONE. 2016, 11 (9): e0161070. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1161070F. PMC 5014348  . PMID 27603205. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161070.

這是一篇與蛇類相關的小作品。您可以透過編輯或修訂擴充其內容。

[8] The elapids in the past were considered to have two subfamilies–the Elapinae made of terrestrial species and Hydrophiinae made of the marine species.^[3] In 1997, Slowinski, Knight and Rooney found in their phylogenetic analysis using amino acid sequences from venom proteins, that the Australasian terrestrial species nested within the Hydrophiinae. This led to removing the Australasian terrestrial species and placing them in Hydrophiinae.^[4]^[3] This has been supported in subsequent recent genomic analyses, though these same studies also found the subfamily Elapinae to be paraphyletic in respect to the Hydrophiinae.^[5]^[6]^[7] These studies have found coral snakes, cobras and mambas, kraits, and African gartersnakes forming successive outgroups to Hydrophiinae.^[6]^[7] Since clade names are available for these groups with the exception of the Elapsoidea, bringing back the subfamilies Calliophiinae, Micrurinae, Najinae, and Bungarinae is ideal.

[Zahretal2009-1] Zaher, Hussam; Grazziotin, Felipe Gobbi; Cadle, John E.; Murphy, Robert W.; Moura-Leite, Julio Cesar de; Bonatto, Sandro L. Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Pap. Avulsos Zool. (scielo). 2009, 49: 115 – 153. ISSN 0031-1049. doi:10.1590/S0031-10492009001100001 （英語）.

[2] Sunandan Das, Eli Greenbaum, Jonathan Brecko, Olivier S. G. Pauwels, Sara Ruane, Stacy Pirro and Juha Merilä. 2024. Phylogenomics of Psammodynastes and Buhoma (Elapoidea: Serpentes), with the Description of A New Asian Snake Family. Scientific Reports. 9489. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60215-2

[mattison2007-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Mattison, C. The New Encyclopedia of Snakes. Princeton University Press. 2007.

[Slowinskial1997-4] Slowinski, J. B.; Knight, A.; Rooney, A. P. Inferring Species Trees from Gene Trees: A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Elapidae (Serpentes) Based on the Amino Acid Sequences of Venom Proteins.. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 1997, 8 (3): 349–362. PMID 9417893. doi:10.1006/mpev.1997.0434.

[PyronSquamtes-5] Pyron; Burbrink; Wiens. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2013, 13: 93. PMC 3682911  . PMID 23627680. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93.

[Leeetal2016-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Lee, M. S.; Sanders, K. L.; King, B.; Palci, A. Diversification rates and phenotypic evolution in venomous snakes (Elapidae).. Royal Society Open Science. 2016, 3 (1): 1. Bibcode:2016RSOS....350277L. PMC 4736917  . PMID 26909162. doi:10.1098/rsos.150277.

[Figueroa16-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Figueroa, A.; McKelvy, A. D.; Grismer, L. L.; Bell, C. D.; Lailvaux, S. P. A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus. PLOS ONE. 2016, 11 (9): e0161070. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1161070F. PMC 5014348  . PMID 27603205. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161070.

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