溫室粉蝨

溫室粉蝨
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱：	昆蟲綱 Insecta
目：	半翅目 Hemiptera
科：	粉虱科 Aleyrodidae
屬：	棘粉蝨屬 Trialeurodes
種：	溫室粉蝨 T. vaporariorum
二名法
	Trialeurodes vaporariorum; Westwood, 1856

溫室粉蝨（學名：Trialeurodes vaporariorum）又名溫室白粉虱、白粉虱，是粉蝨科棘粉蝨屬的一種昆蟲^[1]^[2]。該種在世界範圍內廣泛分布，是眾多果蔬和花卉上的重要害蟲，其寄主植物包括112個科600多種^[3]，喜歡的寄主植物包括菸草、番茄以及雪蓮果等^[2]。

溫室粉虱通過直接刺吸植株葉片、分泌蜜露引起煤污病以及傳播病毒等方式為害植物^[4]。

防治

溫室粉虱的防治主要依靠化學手段，然而由於長期大量使用化學農藥，導致溫室白粉虱的抗藥性不斷增強，分布範圍持續擴大，危害程度不斷升級，也帶來環境污染等問題^[5]^[6]^[7]。由於溫室粉虱成蟲體表附著蠟粉，使得觸殺性農藥難以有效殺滅^[8]^[9]^[10]。

生物防治技術也是對抗溫室白粉虱的一種有效手段，其效果與傳統化學防治相近^[2]。

參考文獻

^ 溫室粉蝨 Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, 1856. 臺灣物種名錄. 臺灣: 中央研究院生物多樣性研究中心. [2013-01-24] （中文（臺灣））.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 朱琳; 陳永明，臧連生. 基于年龄-阶段两性生命表的温室白粉虱对三种重要寄主植物的适应性. 環境昆蟲學報. 2023, 45 (2): 442–450 [2024-03-08].
^ Jones, David R. Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 2003, 109 (3): 195–219. doi:10.1023/A:1022846630513.
^ Perring, TM; Cooper, AD; Rodriguez, RJ; Farrar, CA; Bellows TS, Jr. Identification of a whitefly species by genomic and behavioral studies.. Science (New York, N.Y.). 1993-01-01, 259 (5091): 74–7. PMID 8418497. doi:10.1126/science.8418497.
^ Gorman, K; Hewitt, F; Denholm, I; Devine, GJ. New developments in insecticide resistance in the glasshouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) in the UK.. Pest management science. 2002-02, 58 (2): 123–30. PMID 11852636. doi:10.1002/ps.427.
^ Guedes, RN; Smagghe, G; Stark, JD; Desneux, N. Pesticide-Induced Stress in Arthropod Pests for Optimized Integrated Pest Management Programs.. Annual review of entomology. 2016, 61: 43–62. PMID 26473315. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023646.
^ Mohammed, Abd Allah A. H.; Desneux, Nicolas; Fan, Yinjun; Han, Peng; Ali, Abid; Song, Dunlun; Gao, Xi-Wu. Impact of imidacloprid and natural enemies on cereal aphids: Integration or ecosystem service disruption?. Entomologia Generalis. 2017-12-01, 37 (1): 47–61. doi:10.1127/entomologia/2017/0471.
^ Nauen, R; Bielza, P; Denholm, I; Gorman, K. Age-specific expression of resistance to a neonicotinoid insecticide in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci.. Pest management science. 2008-11, 64 (11): 1106–10. PMID 18798168. doi:10.1002/ps.1654.
^ Longhurst, C; Babcock, JM; Denholm, I; Gorman, K; Thomas, JD; Sparks, TC. Cross-resistance relationships of the sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor with neonicotinoids and other insecticides in the whiteflies Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum.. Pest management science. 2013-07, 69 (7): 809–13. PMID 23203347. doi:10.1002/ps.3439.
^ 李清華; 張奇珍, 余曼麗, 尹明明, 李文明, 陳福良. 噻虫胺在黄瓜叶片中累积量与对温室白粉虱防治效果的相关性及残留消解动态. 農藥學學報. 2021, 23 (5): 938–946 [2024-03-08]. doi:10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2021.0105. （原始內容存檔於2024-03-08）.

[1] 溫室粉蝨 Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, 1856. 臺灣物種名錄. 臺灣: 中央研究院生物多樣性研究中心. [2013-01-24] （中文（臺灣））.

[hjkcxb202302016-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 朱琳; 陳永明，臧連生. 基于年龄-阶段两性生命表的温室白粉虱对三种重要寄主植物的适应性. 環境昆蟲學報. 2023, 45 (2): 442–450 [2024-03-08].

[3] Jones, David R. Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 2003, 109 (3): 195–219. doi:10.1023/A:1022846630513.

[4] Perring, TM; Cooper, AD; Rodriguez, RJ; Farrar, CA; Bellows TS, Jr. Identification of a whitefly species by genomic and behavioral studies.. Science (New York, N.Y.). 1993-01-01, 259 (5091): 74–7. PMID 8418497. doi:10.1126/science.8418497.

[5] Gorman, K; Hewitt, F; Denholm, I; Devine, GJ. New developments in insecticide resistance in the glasshouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) in the UK.. Pest management science. 2002-02, 58 (2): 123–30. PMID 11852636. doi:10.1002/ps.427.

[6] Guedes, RN; Smagghe, G; Stark, JD; Desneux, N. Pesticide-Induced Stress in Arthropod Pests for Optimized Integrated Pest Management Programs.. Annual review of entomology. 2016, 61: 43–62. PMID 26473315. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023646.

[7] Mohammed, Abd Allah A. H.; Desneux, Nicolas; Fan, Yinjun; Han, Peng; Ali, Abid; Song, Dunlun; Gao, Xi-Wu. Impact of imidacloprid and natural enemies on cereal aphids: Integration or ecosystem service disruption?. Entomologia Generalis. 2017-12-01, 37 (1): 47–61. doi:10.1127/entomologia/2017/0471.

[8] Nauen, R; Bielza, P; Denholm, I; Gorman, K. Age-specific expression of resistance to a neonicotinoid insecticide in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci.. Pest management science. 2008-11, 64 (11): 1106–10. PMID 18798168. doi:10.1002/ps.1654.

[9] Longhurst, C; Babcock, JM; Denholm, I; Gorman, K; Thomas, JD; Sparks, TC. Cross-resistance relationships of the sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor with neonicotinoids and other insecticides in the whiteflies Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum.. Pest management science. 2013-07, 69 (7): 809–13. PMID 23203347. doi:10.1002/ps.3439.

[10] 李清華; 張奇珍, 余曼麗, 尹明明, 李文明, 陳福良. 噻虫胺在黄瓜叶片中累积量与对温室白粉虱防治效果的相关性及残留消解动态. 農藥學學報. 2021, 23 (5): 938–946 [2024-03-08]. doi:10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2021.0105. （原始內容存檔於2024-03-08）.

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