西德尼·帕金森
西德尼·帕金森(Sydney Parkinson 約1745年—1771年1月26日)是一位蘇格蘭植物、動物插畫家,是第一個抵達澳大利亞、紐西蘭和大溪地的歐洲藝術家[1]。
生平
帕金森出生於愛丁堡的一個貴格會家庭[2],父親在1749年去世,家境貧困[3]。他曾當過毛布商學徒,業餘喜歡繪畫[4][5],他沒接受過正式的繪畫教育,但可能和愛丁堡的一些藝術家有來往[6][7]。
全家在1766年左右搬到倫敦,他的哥哥斯坦菲爾德在那裡當家具商[8]。1765年至1766年間,他的一些花卉畫在自由藝術家學會(Free Society of Artists)展出[9][10],他也開始教畫[11],雇主包括蘇格蘭苗圃園主詹姆斯·李,李雇他教自己的女兒安[9],並在1767年把帕金森介紹給約瑟夫·班克斯[12],後者又把他介紹給動物學家托馬斯·彭南特[9]。
1768年,班克斯僱傭他隨庫克船長乘坐努力號前往太平洋[13],一路上他繪製了近千幅動植物插圖[14]。在前往開普敦時,他因痢疾去世,班克斯將他的工資付給了他的哥哥[15]。
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Banksia serrata,西德尼·帕金森繪
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Banksia integrifolia,西德尼·帕金森繪
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Banksia ericifolia,西德尼·帕金森繪
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Banksia dentata,西德尼·帕金森繪
參考文獻
- ^ Paul Barker, "Wide-eyes on a painted ocean", The Guardian, republished in Sydney Morning Herald, 10 July 1999, Spectrum, p. 13s
- ^ Joppien & Smith 1985,第74頁.
- ^ Allen 2004.
- ^ Lysaght 1979,第12頁.
- ^ Parkinson 1773,第vi頁.
- ^ Joppien & Smith 1985,第74–75頁.
- ^ Lysaght 1979,第12–15頁.
- ^ Carr 1983,第x頁.
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Lysaght 1979,第15頁.
- ^ Graves 1907,第189頁.
- ^ Anderson 1954.
- ^ Sox 2002,第231頁.
- ^ Sydney Parkinson, botanical draughtsman. Enlarging the prospects of happiness: European travel writing through the ages. Online exhibition. University of Otago. [12 June 2015]. (原始內容存檔於2022-02-20).
- ^ Nadaf, Altafhusain; Zanan, Rahul. Indian Pandanaceae - an overview. Springer Science & Business Media. 2013: 5 [2022-01-18]. ISBN 978-81-322-0753-5. (原始內容存檔於2022-04-27) (英語).
- ^ Rienits, Rex. Parkinson, Sydney (1745–1771). Australian Dictionary of Biography (National Centre of Biography, Australian National University). 1967 [2022-01-18]. (原始內容存檔於2022-06-30).
- Allen, D.E. Parkinson, Sydney. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 23 September 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21377.
- Anderson, A. W. Sydney Parkinson. The Gardeners' Chronicle (London). 16 January 1954, 135: 24–25. OCLC 12835111. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-18).
- Beaglehole, John C. The Journals of Captain James Cook: The Voyage of the Endeavour, 1768–1771. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press : Hakluyt Society. 1968 [1955] [2022-01-18]. OCLC 223185477. (原始內容存檔於2021-10-30) (英語).
- Beaglehole, J. C. The Endeavour journal of Joseph Banks 1768-1771. Sydney: Trustees of Public Library of N.S.W. in association with Angus and Robertson. 1963 [2022-01-18]. OCLC 222980498. (原始內容存檔於2022-04-28) (英語).
- Beaglehole, J. C. The life of Captain James Cook. London: Adam & Charles Black. 1974 [2022-01-18]. OCLC 480115019. (原始內容存檔於2022-04-20) (英語).
- Carr, Denis J. Sydney Parkinson: Artist of Cook's Endeavour Voyage. British Museum (Natural History). 1983 [2022-01-18]. ISBN 978-0-7099-0794-7. (原始內容存檔於2022-04-07) (英語).
- Elphick, Jonathan. Birds : the art of ornithology. New York : Rizzoli. 2008. ISBN 978-0-8478-3134-0.
- Graves, Algernon. The Society of artists of Great Britain, 1760-1791; the Free society of artists, 1761-1783 ; a complete dictionary of contributors and their work from the foundation of the societies to 1791. London: G. Bell and sons etc. 1907 [2022-01-18]. (原始內容存檔於2016-03-31).
- Joppien, Rüdiger; Smith, Bernard. The Art of Captain Cook's Voyages. Volume One. The Voyage of the Endeavour 1768–1771. New Haven and London: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press. 1985. ISBN 0-300-03450-4. OCLC 12544694.
- Lysaght, Averil M. Joseph Banks in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1766: his diary, manuscripts and collections;. London: Faber and Faber Ltd. 1971. ISBN 978-0-571-09351-9.
- Lysaght, Averil M. Banks's artists and his Endeavour collections. Mitchell, T. C. (編). Captain Cook and the South Pacific. British Museum Yearbook 3. London: British Museum Publications Ltd. 1979: 9–80. ISBN 978-0-7141-0088-3.
- O'Brian, Patrick. Joseph Banks : a life. Boston : D.R. Godine. 1993. ISBN 978-0-87923-930-5.
- Sox, David. Sydney Parkinson (1745-1771): Quaker artist with Cook's Endeavour voyage. The Journal of the Friends Historical Society. 2002, 59 (3): 231–235 [2022-01-18]. (原始內容存檔於2021-11-05) (美國英語).
外部連結
- Parkinson's posthumously published Journal, 1773 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館), online at the National Library of Australia
- Examples of Parkinson's drawings published in A journal of a voyage to the South Seas, in His Majesty's ship, the Endeavour, 1773. Royal Geographical Society of South Australia (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Parkinson, Sydney; Kenrick, William. A Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas, in His Majesty's Ship, the Endeavour: Faithfully Transcribed from the Papers of the Late Sydney Parkinson, Draughtsman to Joseph Banks, Esq., on His Late Expedition with Dr. Solander, Round the World .... S. Parkinson. 1773 [2022-01-18]. (原始內容存檔於2022-03-27).