須蟻屬
蚁科的一属昆虫
須蟻屬（學名：Pogonomyrmex）台譯毛收割家蟻屬，主要分布在北美洲、中美洲和南美洲的沙漠中，其中蟻種為海地的特有種。
須蟻屬
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Pogonomyrmex barbatus worker | |
科學分類 
| |
| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| 綱： | 昆蟲綱 Insecta |
| 目： | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
| 科： | 蟻科 Formicidae |
| 亞科： | 家蟻亞科 Myrmicinae |
| 族： | 須蟻族 Pogonomyrmecini |
| 屬： | 須蟻屬 Pogonomyrmex Mayr, 1868 |
| 模式種 | |
| 栗紅須蟻 Pogonomyrmex badius Latreille, 1802
| |
| 多樣性[1] | |
| 69種 | |
| 異名 | |
| |
描述
「Pogonomyrmex」是由「pogono-」和「myrmex」兩個詞組成的，前者譯為「有鬍鬚的」，後者則為「螞蟻」的意思，即譯為「長了鬍子的螞蟻」。鬍鬚是為了在搬運種子時能更好地固定住種子，避免球形的種子滑動而進化出來的。
毒液
Pogonomyrmex工蟻的毒液是所有昆蟲中毒性最強的，而其中的馬里科帕須蟻（Pogonomyrmex maricopa）又是迄今為止檢測出毒性最強的。[2] LD50僅為 0.12毫克/千克，而西方蜜蜂的毒液為 2.8mg/kg，與眼鏡蛇毒液相當。這種毒液被認為是一種反脊椎動物的防禦手段，特別是針對那些進化出選擇性以它們為食的捕食者，比如角蜥屬的物種。很少有昆蟲的毒液毒性經過正式測試，而其他昆蟲的毒液可能更強效。
巢穴
該屬螞蟻的巢穴位於很深的地方，其中有許多巢室，它們在裡面保存種子，從中為幼蟲獲取食物。大多數須蟻巢穴周圍區域往往完全沒有植被，從遠處就很容易看到。
狩獵
除了角蜥之外，Clypeadon屬的蜂類會捕食須蟻，但它們只以Pogonomyrmex的工蟻為食，它們用毒液使工蜂麻痹，然後將它們帶回洞穴，作為黃蜂幼蟲的食物。
物種
截至 2014年，該屬現存物種有 69種，1種化石物種。
- Pogonomyrmex abdominalis Santschi, 1929
- Pogonomyrmex andinus Kusnezov, 1951
- 寄生須蟻 Pogonomyrmex anergismus' Cole, 1954
- Pogonomyrmex angustus Mayr, 1870
- 安沙須蟻 Pogonomyrmex anzensis Cole, 1968
- 阿帕奇須蟻 Pogonomyrmex apache Wheeler, 1902
- Pogonomyrmex atratus Santschi, 1922
- Pogonomyrmex badius (Latreille, 1802)
- Pogonomyrmex barbatus (Smith, 1858)
- 雙色須蟻 Pogonomyrmex bicolor Cole, 1968
- 大彎須蟻 Pogonomyrmex bigbendensis Francke & Merickel, 1982
- Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola, 1851)
- Pogonomyrmex brevibarbis Emery, 1906
- Pogonomyrmex brevispinosus Cole, 1968
- Pogonomyrmex bruchi Forel, 1913
- 加州須蟻 Pogonomyrmex californicus (Buckley, 1866)
- Pogonomyrmex carbonarius Mayr, 1868
- Pogonomyrmex catanlilensis Gallardo, 1931
- Pogonomyrmex coarctatus Mayr, 1868
- Pogonomyrmex colei Snelling, 1982
- Pogonomyrmex comanche Wheeler, 1902
- Pogonomyrmex cunicularius Mayr, 1887
- Pogonomyrmex desertorum Wheeler, 1902
- †化石須蟻 Pogonomyrmex fossilis Carpenter, 1930
- Pogonomyrmex guatemaltecus Wheeler, 1914
- Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri Johnson, Overson & Moreau, 2013[3]
- Pogonomyrmex huachucanus Wheeler, 1914
- Pogonomyrmex humerotumidus Vásquez-Bolaños & Mackay, 2004
- Pogonomyrmex imberbiculus Wheeler, 1902
- Pogonomyrmex inermis Forel, 1914
- Pogonomyrmex kusnezovi Cuezzo & Claver, 2009[4]
- Pogonomyrmex laevigatus Santschi, 1921
- Pogonomyrmex laevinodis Snelling, 1982
- Pogonomyrmex laticeps Santschi, 1922
- Pogonomyrmex lobatus Santschi, 1921
- Pogonomyrmex longibarbis Gallardo, 1931
- Pogonomyrmex magnacanthus Cole, 1968
- Pogonomyrmex marcusi Kusnezov, 1951
- 馬里科帕須蟻 Pogonomyrmex maricopa Wheeler, 1914
- Pogonomyrmex mayri Forel, 1899
- Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo & Claver, 2009[4]
- Pogonomyrmex meridionalis Kusnezov, 1951
- Pogonomyrmex micans Forel, 1914
- Pogonomyrmex mohavensis Johnson & Overson, 2009[5]
- Pogonomyrmex montanus MacKay, 1980
- Pogonomyrmex naegelii Emery, 1878
- Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (Cresson, 1865)
- Pogonomyrmex odoratus Kusnezov, 1949
- Pogonomyrmex pima Wheeler, 1909
- Pogonomyrmex pronotalis Santschi, 1922
- Pogonomyrmex rastratus Mayr, 1868
- Pogonomyrmex rugosus Emery, 1895
- Pogonomyrmex salinus Olsen, 1934
- Pogonomyrmex saucius Wheeler & Mann, 1914
- Pogonomyrmex schmitti Forel, 1901
- Pogonomyrmex snellingi Taber, 1998
- Pogonomyrmex stefani Lattke, 2006[6]
- Pogonomyrmex striatinodus Fernández & Palacio, 1998
- Pogonomyrmex subdentatus Mayr, 1870
- Pogonomyrmex subnitidus Emery, 1895
- Pogonomyrmex sylvestris Lattke, 1991
- Pogonomyrmex tenuipubens Santschi, 1936
- Pogonomyrmex tenuispinus Forel, 1914
- 德州須蟻 Pogonomyrmex texanus Francke & Merickel, 1982
- Pogonomyrmex theresiae Forel, 1899
- Pogonomyrmex uruguayensis Mayr, 1887
- Pogonomyrmex variabilis Santschi, 1916
- Pogonomyrmex vermiculatus Emery, 1906
- Pogonomyrmex wheeleri Olsen, 1934
-
加州須蟻 P. californicus -
紅鬍鬚蟻 P. barbatus -
正在收集食物 -
紅鬍鬚蟻 P. barbatus 的幼蟲
參考
- ^ Bolton, B. Pogonomyrmex. AntCat. 2014 [23 July 2014].
- ^ W. L. Meyer. Chapter 23 — Most Toxic Insect Venom. Book of Insect Records. University of Florida. 1996-05-01. （原始內容存檔於2008-06-13）.
- ^ Johnson, R. A., et al. (2013). A new species of seed-harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), from the Mohave and Sonoran Deserts of North America.[永久失效連結] Zootaxa 3646(3), 201-27.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Cuezzo, F. and S. Claver. (2009). Two new species of the ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Argentina. Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent 68(1-2), 97-106.
- ^ Johnson, R. A. and R. P. Overson. (2009). A new North american species of Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Mohave Desert of eastern California and western Nevada. Journal of Hymenptera Research 18(2), 305-14.
- ^ Lattke, J. E. (2006). A new species of Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from gallery forests of the Orinoco Watershed, Venezuela.[永久失效連結] Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8, 53-57.
外部連結
維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：Pogonomyrmex
