食蚜蠅科分類
维基媒体列表条目
此條目目前正依照其他維基百科上的內容進行翻譯。 (2018年12月11日) |
食蚜蠅科（Syrphidae）為昆蟲綱雙翅目下的一科。本科目前已知有6000餘種，不同文獻之間對各物種的內部生物分類學可能略有不同。這些差異一方面可能因為分類的重新組織仍在進行中，另一方面分類學方面的研究（特別是對本科物種的幼體的研究）每天都有新進展，而這些都可能會影響到物種的分類。以上各種差異都盡可能在本條目中提及。
本科物種的棲息地廣泛分佈於陸地、海洋及鹹淡水交界[1]。基本上，下列分類都以過往基於其成蟲的形態學特徵為主，大致上遵從Thompson & Rotheray (1998)的《古北界雙翅目分類》，即把食蚜蠅科物種分成三個亞科及14個族[2]，即：
另外根據2015的最新研究，原為食蚜蠅亞科之下一個族的Pipizinae現在獨立出來成為本科的第四個亞科[3]。
這裡給出的命名法部分源於世界雙翅目生物系統資料庫（BDWD），以及由一組分子生物學家創建的工作分類[4] ，無疑將在未來發生很大變化。
圖例
管蚜蠅亞科
管蚜蠅亞科（Eristalinae，亦作Milesiinae）[1]可分為下列九個族，17個亞族：
Tribe: Brachyopini
(=Chrysogasterini Shannon, 1922)
Subtribe: Brachyopina
Subtribe: Spheginina
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Tribe: Callicerini
(=Calliceratinae Brues & Melander, 1932)
- Callicera Panzer, 1809: NE NT OR PA
- Notiocheilosia Thompson, 1972: NT
Tribe: Cerioidini
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(=Ceriini, Cerioidinae Wahlgren, 1909)
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管蚜蠅族
管蚜蠅族（Eristalini Rondani, 1845）包括下列兩個亞族：
管蚜蠅亞族管蚜蠅亞族（Eristalina Rondani, 1845）包括下列16個屬：
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Subtribe: Helophilina
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Tribe: Sericomyiini
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- sometimes regarded as a subtribe of the Eristalini
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Tribe: Eumerini
(=Merodontini, Medorontinae Edwards, 1915, Medorontinae Bezzi, 1915, Medorontidae Glumac & Vujic, 1990, Nausigasterinae Shannon, 1921)
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迷蚜蠅族
迷蚜蠅族（Milesiini；=Xylotini）包括下列六個亞族：
Subtribe: Blerina
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Subtribe: Criorhinina
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迷蚜蠅亞族
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Subtribe: Temnostomina
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Subtribe: Tropidiina
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Subtribe: Xylotina
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Tribe: Rhingiini
(=Cheilosiini Cockerell, 1917)
Subtribe: Cheilosiina
Subtribe: Pelecocerina
Subtribe: Psarina
Subtribe: Rhingiina
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Tribe: Volucellini
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巢穴蚜蠅亞科
巢穴蚜蠅亞科（Microdontinae）各屬的分類依從Reemer & Ståhls (2013)[8]，即：
巢穴蚜蠅族巢穴蚜蠅族（Microdontini）以下各屬：
Tribe: Spheginobacchini
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Pipizinae
在舊有的分類中，Pipizinae原為管蚜蠅亞科之下的一個族，但Mengual (2015)的支序分析認為這個族與食蚜蠅亞科其他物種的分野相當大[3]，所以被分出來成為獨立一個亞科。這個亞科包括下列各個屬：
- Cryptopipiza Mutin, 1998
- Heringia (=Cnemodon): NE PA
- 亞屬
- H. (Heringia) Rondani, 1856
- H. (Neocnemodon) Goffe, 1944
- 亞屬
- †Oligopipiza Nidergas, Hadrava, Nel et al., 2018
- Pipiza Fallén, 1810 (=Pseudopipiza): NE NT PA
- Pipizella Rondani, 1856: PA
- Trichopsomyia Williston, 1888 (=Halictomyia): NE NT OR PA
- 寡節蚜蠅屬 Loew, 1840: AU OR PA
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食蚜蠅亞科
巴蚜蠅族
巴蚜蠅族（Bacchini[19]，包括原有墨蚜蠅族（Melanostomini）[19]的物種。現時包括下列各屬：
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小蚜蠅族
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Tribe: Syrphini
(=Chrysotoxini). In Mengual et al. (2008) this tribe was resolved into two groups.
Syrphini (Group 1)
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Syrphini (Group 2)
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Syrphini (Group undetermined)
- Agnisyrphus Ghorpade, 1994: OR
- Asiodidea Stackelberg, 1930: PA
- Dideomima Vockeroth, 1969: NE NT
- Doros (hoverfly) Meigen, 1803: NE PA
- Lamellidorsum Huo & Zheng, 2005: PA
- Pelloloma Vockeroth, 1973: AF
- Rhinobaccha Meijere, 1908: OR
- Vockerothiella Ghorpade, 1994 : OR
Tribe: Toxomerini
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分類未明的屬
下列三個屬的亞科所屬仍未清楚。這些屬都已有正式的分類描述，只是我們無法把牠們分類到上述四個亞科之一。這三個屬分別為：
- Pia Philippi, 1865: NT
- Poliomyia Scudder, 1878: NE
- Spheginascia Meunier, 1901: PA
註譯
- ^ 不是Kerteszomyia (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)
- ^ With regard to the subgenus H. (Pilinasica) consisting of four species endemic to 紐西蘭, Thompson (2000, 2008) and Katzourakis et al. use the name Pilinascia instead. It is likely this has been the result of a spread of a misspelling as in the literature there have been no formal reviews of the name Pilinasica Malloch, 1922 with the exception of the proposal of a subgenus of Helophilus.
- ^ The genus was defined by Reemer (2008) to include two newly described species from Suriname, Surimyia minutula (= Paragodon minutulus) and Surimyia rolanderi. The review is quoted by Cheng & Thompson (2008) but not reported in BDWD where the species S. minutula is placed in the genus Paragodon.
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Mortelmans, Jonas; Cuvelier, Daphne. Syrphidae Latreille, 1802. WoRMS. 2016-03-11 [2018-11-14].
- ^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為
Thompson & Rotheray的參考文獻提供內容 - ^ 3.0 3.1 Mengual, Ximo; Ståhls, Gunilla; Rojo, Santos. Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic ranking of pipizine flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) with implications for the evolution of aphidophagy. 2015-01-12 [2018-11-15]. doi:10.1111/cla.12105. （原始內容存檔於2019-05-25） （英語）. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- ^ Lifedesks: Classification of Syrphidae http://syrphidae.lifedesks.org/node/1476 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- ^ Thompson, F. Christian. A new Costa Rican flower fly (Diptera: Syrphidae) and a replacement name for a neotropical flower fly genus (PDF). Studia dipterologica. 2007, 14: 167–170 [2018-11-14]. ISSN 0945-3954. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-11-14） （英語）. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- ^ Johnson, Charles W. Diptera collected by Dr. A. Donaldson Smith in Somaliland, eastern Africa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1898, 50: 157–164 [21 October 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-27）. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- ^ Doczkal, Dieter; Radenković, Snežana; Lyneborg, Leif; Pape, Thomas. Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical genus Megatrigon Johnson, 1898 (Diptera: Syrphidae). European Journal of Taxonomy. 2016, 238: 1–36 [21 October 2016]. ISSN 2118-9773. （原始內容存檔於2017-01-12）. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- ^ Reemer, Menno; Ståhls, Gunilla. Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys (Sofia, Bulgaria: Pensoft Publishers). 2013, 288: 1–213 [2014-08-18]. doi:10.3897/zookeys.288.4095. （原始內容存檔於2014-08-19）. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Treated as a subgenus of Microdon by BDWD and a genus in Cheng & Thomson (2008).
- ^ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 Cheng, Xin-Yue; Thompson, F. Christian. A generic conspectus of the Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) with the description of two new genera from Africa and China (PDF Adobe Acrobat). Zootaxa (New Zealand: Magnolia Press). 2008, 1879: 21–48 [2009-09-11]. ISSN 1175-5334. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-07-24）. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- ^ Treated as a synonym of Microdon by BDWD but as a genus in Cheng & Thompson (2008).
- ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Hull, Frank. M. New Species of Exotic Syrphid Flies (PDF Adobe Acrobat). Psyche (entomological journal) (Cambridge, Mass: Cambridge Entomological Club). 1937, 44: 12–32 [2018-05-25]. doi:10.1155/1937/46960. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-02-09）. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- ^ Proposed as a synonym for Microdon by Cheng & Thompson (2008) and reported as such by BDWD.
- ^ 14.0 14.1 Hull, Frank. M. A megamorphic and two curious mimetic flies (PDF Adobe Acrobat). Psyche (entomological journal) (Cambridge, Mass: Cambridge Entomological Club). 1937, 44: 116–121 [2018-05-25]. doi:10.1155/1937/67124. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-02-08）. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- ^ Not reported by BDWD.
- ^ Defined as a subgenus in BDWD though without evidence in the nomenclature; in Cheng & Thompson (2008) is indicated as a subgroup of Microdon.
- ^ Reemer, Menno. Surimyia a new genus of Microdontinae, with notes on Paragodon Thompson, 1969 (Diptera, Syrphidae) (可移植文檔格式). Zoologische Mededelingen (Naturalis). 2008, 82: 177–188 [2018-11-14]. （原始內容存檔於2012-12-20）. Archive.is的存檔，存檔日期2012-12-20
- ^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為
Mengual et al 2008的參考文獻提供內容 - ^ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 各论. 中国动物志. 昆蟲綱 第50卷 雙翅目 食蚜蠅科. 科學出版社. 2010 [2018-11-15]. ISBN 9787030334244 （中文（簡體））.
- ^ Huo, Ke-Ke; Shi, Fu-Min (2010). Flavizona (Huo), a new genus of Syrphini from China, with a key to genera of Syrphini in China. Zootaxa 2428: 47–54.
- ^ Mengual X, Ghorpadé K (2010) The flower fly genus Eosphaerophoria Frey (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 33:39–80. doi:10.3897/zookeys.33.298
引用錯誤：在<references>標籤中name屬性為「Mengual 2009」的參考文獻沒有在文中使用
<references>標籤中name屬性為「usda」的參考文獻沒有在文中使用參考書目
- BioSystematic Database of World Diptera. （原始內容存檔於2010-10-15） （英語）. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- Libor Mazánek. Syrphidae Latreille, 1802. In L. Jedlička, V. Stloukalová, M. Kúdela (editor), Checklist of Diptera of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Electronic version 1 + CD-ROM, 2006. ISBN 80-969629-0-6.
- Katzourakis, A.; A. Purvis; S. Azmeh; G. Rotheray; F. Gilbert. Macroevolution of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae): the effect of using higher-level taxa in studies of biodiversity, and correlates of species richness. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2001, 14 (2): 219–227 [2009-10-20]. doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00278.x. （原始內容存檔於2013-01-05）. Archive.is的存檔，存檔日期2013-01-05
- Mengual, X.; Gunilla Ståhls; Santos Rojo. First phylogeny of predatory flower flies (Diptera, Syrphidae, Syrphinae) using mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rRNA genes: conflict and congruence with the current tribal classification (PDF). Cladistics. 2008, 24: 543–562 [2009-10-19]. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00200.x. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2009-04-09）. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- Sabrosky, C. W. Family-Group Names in Diptera. An annotated catalog. In F. Christian Thompson (editor), MYIA The International Journal of the North America Dipertists' Society. Volume 10. Leiden, Backhuys Publishers, 1999.
- Thompson, F. C., & Rotheray, G. Family Syrphidae. In: László Papp, Béla Darvas (editor) Manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 3: Higher Brachycera. Budapest, Science Herald, 1998: 81-139 . ISBN 963-04-8838-8
- Shannon, R. C. Review of the American xylotine syrphid-flies (PDF). Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 1926, 69 (9): 1–52 [2018-11-14]. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.2635. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2012-06-05）. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- Stubbs, Alan E.; Falk, Steven J. British Hoverflies: An Illustrated Identification Guide 2nd. London: British Entomological and Natural History Society. 1983: 253, xvpp. ISBN 1-899935-03-7.
- Thompson, F. C.; Vockeroth, J. R.; Sedman, Y. S. A Catalogue of the Americas South of the United States: Family Syrphidae. São Paulo, Brasil: Museu de Zoologia. [2 February 2011].
- Thompson, F. C. A contribution to a generic revision of the Neotropical Milesiinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) (PDF). Arquivos de Zoologia. 1972, 23: 73–215. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-07-06）. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- Thompson, F. C. Notes on the status and relationships of some genera in the tribe Milesiini (Diptera: Syrphidae) (PDF). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 1975, 77 (3): 291–305 [2018-11-14]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2012-03-17）. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- Thompson, F. C. A new genus of Australasian Flower Flies (Diptera: Syrphidae (PDF). Studia dipterologica. 2000, 7 (Heft 2): 373–384 [2009-10-20]. ISSN 0945-3954. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2012-03-17）. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- Thompson, F. C. Austalis, a new genus of flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) with revisionary notes on related genera (PDF). Zootaxa. 2003, 246: 1–19 [2009-10-18]. ISSN 1175-5326. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2010-01-23）. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
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- Thompson, F. C.; Vockeroth, John Richard. 51. Family SYRPHIDAE. Neal L. Evenhuis (編). Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions online version. Bishop Museum. 17 April 2016 [2018-11-14]. （原始內容存檔於2020-02-18）.
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- Xin-Yue Cheng; Frederic Christian Thompson. A generic conspectus of the Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) with the description of two new genera from Africa and China (PDF). Zootaxa. 2008, 1879: 21–48 [2009-10-18]. ISSN 1175-5326. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-07-24）. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）