硝酸镎(IV)

硝酸镎(IV)
英文名	Neptunium tetranitrate
别名	四硝酸镎
识别
CAS号	25933-55-5 ; 14644-54-3（二水）
PubChem	3015250
SMILES	[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Np];
EINECS	247-352-3
性质
化学式	Np(NO3)4
摩尔质量	485.02 g·mol⁻¹
外观	绿色晶体（二水合物）; 灰白色（1.2 N2O5合物）; 灰绿色（2.5 DMA合物）
溶解性（水）	可溶
相关物质
其他阳离子	硝酸钚(IV)
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

硝酸镎(IV)是一种无机化合物，化学式为Np(NO₃)₄。它是易溶于水的晶体，可以形成水合物。^[3]

制备

硝酸镎(IV)可由新制的氢氧化镎(IV)和稀硝酸反应制得：^[4]

{\mathsf {Np(OH)_{4}+4HNO_{3}\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ Np(NO_{3})_{4}+4H_{2}O}}

性质

硝酸镎(IV)在溶液中为黄绿色，在酸性环境（1.3 N HNO₃）中，它可以被甲醛次硫酸氢钠或单盐酸肼还原为Np³⁺而显亮黄色。^[5]它也可以被Pu(IV)氧化为Np(V)。^[6]

它可以在水溶液中被磷酸三丁酯萃取，^[7]溶液中存在硝酸时体系无明显反应，但加热时经NpO₂⁺氧化至NpO₂²⁺。^[8]

它可以和二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜等配体形成配合物，也能和硝酸根形成配阴离子[Np(NO₃)₆]²⁻。^[1]

用途

硝酸镎(IV)和铀、钚的硝酸盐混合溶液与水合肼反应，可以制备混合二氧化物(U, Np, Pu)O₂，以用于快中子反应堆。^[6]

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Ahrland, S.; Bagnall, K.W.; Brown, D. The Chemistry of the Actinides: Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier Science. 2016: 292 [2021-08-18]. ISBN 978-1-4831-5934-8. （原始内容存档于2021-08-18）（英语）.
^ Laidler, J. B. Neptunium nitrates. Journal of the Chemical Society A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1966: 780. ISSN 0022-4944. doi:10.1039/j19660000780 （英语）.
^ Alian, A.; Haggag, A. Amine extraction and determination of activity coefficients of neptunium and plutonium nitrates. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1 May 1967, 29 (5): 1355–1363 [17 August 2021]. ISSN 0022-1902. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(67)80378-6. （原始内容存档于2021-08-17）（英语）.
^ Seaborg, Glenn Theodore. The Transuranium Elements: Research Papers. McGraw-Hill. 1949: 1102 [17 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-19）（英语）.
^ Gel'man, A. D.; Mefod'eva, M. P. The preparation of trivalent neptunium. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. 1957, 117: 225–226. ISSN 0002-3264 （俄语）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Kulyako, Y. M.; Perevalov, S. A.; Trofimov, T. I.; Malikov, D. A.; Vinokurov, S. E.; Samsonov, M. D.; Myasoedov, B. F.; Fedoseev, A. M.; Bessonov, A. A.; Shadrin, A. Y. UO2, NpO2 and PuO2 preparation in aqueous nitrate solutions in the presence of hydrazine hydrate. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2013-12-05, 299 (3): 1293–1298. ISSN 0236-5731. doi:10.1007/s10967-013-2756-8 （英语）.
^ Hesford, E.; McKay, H. A. C. The extraction of nitrates by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). Part 3.—Extraction at trace concentrations. Trans. Faraday Soc. (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1958, 54 (0): 573–586. ISSN 0014-7672. doi:10.1039/tf9585400573 （英语）.
^ Koltunov, V. S; Taylor, R. J.; Savilova, O. A.; Zhuravleva, G. I.; Denniss, I. S.; Wallwork, A. L. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Neptunium(IV) by Nitric Acid in Tributyl Phosphate Solution. ract (Walter de Gruyter GmbH). 1997-01-01, 76 (1-2): 45–54. ISSN 2193-3405. doi:10.1524/ract.1997.76.12.45 （英语）.

拓展阅读

Horner, D. E. Plutonium Extraction from Nitrate and Sulfate Solutions by Amines and Organophosphorus Compounds. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 1961: 17 [2021-08-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-19）（英语）.
Ikeda-Ohno, Atsushi; Hennig, Christoph; Rossberg, André; Funke, Harald; Scheinost, Andreas C.; Bernhard, Gert; Yaita, Tsuyoshi. Electrochemical and Complexation Behavior of Neptunium in Aqueous Perchlorate and Nitrate Solutions. Inorganic Chemistry. 15 September 2008, 47 (18): 8294–8305 [2021-08-17]. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic8009095. （原始内容存档于2021-08-17）（英语）.
Guillaume, B.; Moulin, J.P.; Maurice, Ch. Chemical Properties Of Neptunium Applied To Neptunium Management In Extraction Cycles Of Purex Process (PDF). 1984-11-27~29 [2021-08-17]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-08-17）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)

[Ahrland-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Ahrland, S.; Bagnall, K.W.; Brown, D. The Chemistry of the Actinides: Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier Science. 2016: 292 [2021-08-18]. ISBN 978-1-4831-5934-8. （原始内容存档于2021-08-18）（英语）.

[2] Laidler, J. B. Neptunium nitrates. Journal of the Chemical Society A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1966: 780. ISSN 0022-4944. doi:10.1039/j19660000780 （英语）.

[3] Alian, A.; Haggag, A. Amine extraction and determination of activity coefficients of neptunium and plutonium nitrates. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1 May 1967, 29 (5): 1355–1363 [17 August 2021]. ISSN 0022-1902. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(67)80378-6. （原始内容存档于2021-08-17）（英语）.

[4] Seaborg, Glenn Theodore. The Transuranium Elements: Research Papers. McGraw-Hill. 1949: 1102 [17 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-19）（英语）.

[5] Gel'man, A. D.; Mefod'eva, M. P. The preparation of trivalent neptunium. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. 1957, 117: 225–226. ISSN 0002-3264 （俄语）.

[Kulyako-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Kulyako, Y. M.; Perevalov, S. A.; Trofimov, T. I.; Malikov, D. A.; Vinokurov, S. E.; Samsonov, M. D.; Myasoedov, B. F.; Fedoseev, A. M.; Bessonov, A. A.; Shadrin, A. Y. UO2, NpO2 and PuO2 preparation in aqueous nitrate solutions in the presence of hydrazine hydrate. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2013-12-05, 299 (3): 1293–1298. ISSN 0236-5731. doi:10.1007/s10967-013-2756-8 （英语）.

[7] Hesford, E.; McKay, H. A. C. The extraction of nitrates by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). Part 3.—Extraction at trace concentrations. Trans. Faraday Soc. (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1958, 54 (0): 573–586. ISSN 0014-7672. doi:10.1039/tf9585400573 （英语）.

[8] Koltunov, V. S; Taylor, R. J.; Savilova, O. A.; Zhuravleva, G. I.; Denniss, I. S.; Wallwork, A. L. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Neptunium(IV) by Nitric Acid in Tributyl Phosphate Solution. ract (Walter de Gruyter GmbH). 1997-01-01, 76 (1-2): 45–54. ISSN 2193-3405. doi:10.1524/ract.1997.76.12.45 （英语）.

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