陰莖異常勃起
陰莖異常勃起(priapism)是一種不正常陰莖勃起狀態,在這種狀態下陰莖雖然沒有受到與性慾相關的刺激,卻無法自然恢復疲軟狀態。一般與性慾無關的勃起持續四小時即算是異常勃起,這個時間標準得到醫學家的認可,較少以六個小時為標準的劃分方法。一般可分為低流血量和高流血量性陰莖異常勃起這兩種,成因分別是靜脈阻塞和動脈血注入,而80%到90%的病例都屬於前一種[3]。
陰莖異常勃起 | |
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龐貝古城的普里阿普斯壁畫 | |
读音 | |
类型 | 阴茎疾病[*]、周围血管损伤[*]、疾病 |
分类和外部资源 | |
醫學專科 | 泌尿外科、急診醫學 |
ICD-11 | GB06.1 |
ICD-9-CM | 607.3 |
DiseasesDB | 25148 |
MedlinePlus | 003166 |
eMedicine | 437237 |
病因
其病因至今尚未明晰,但可以肯定的是,它至少與神經與血管相關,例如鐮刀型紅血球疾病就被認為是病因之一。此外陰莖異常勃起還可能與葡萄糖-6-磷酸脫氫酶缺乏症有關,後者將導致煙醯胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸缺乏,繼而形成一氧化氮,而一氧化氮被認為可能是陰莖異常勃起的成因之一。[4]而腺苷水平提高會導致血管擴張,繼而誘發陰莖異常勃起。[5]
針對鐮刀型紅血球疾病引起的陰莖異常勃起,高壓氧療法在一些患者身上取得過成效。[6]一些狂犬病患者也曾出現陰莖異常勃起的症狀。最常見的導致此病的藥物是用於海綿竇內注射的藥物,如罌粟鹼和前列地爾。有記錄的可誘發陰莖異常勃起的藥物還有降壓藥、安定藥、抗抑鬱劑(曲唑酮)、抗驚厥劑、心境穩定劑、[7]抗凝血劑和娛樂毒品(酒精、海洛因和可卡因)。斑蝥等一些昆蟲的咬傷也可能會造成陰莖異常勃起。PDE-5抑製劑是現在常用的陰莖異常勃起預防藥。[8][9]
參見
參考文獻
- ^ OED 2nd edition, 1989 as /ˈpraɪəpɪz(ə)m/.
- ^ Definition of PRIAPISM. www.merriam-webster.com. [7 March 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-06) (英语).
- ^ PRIAPISM – ETIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, C. VAN DER HORST, HENRIK STUEBINGER, CHRISTOPH SEIF, DIETHILD MELCHIOR, F.J. MARTÍNEZ-PORTILLO, K.P. JUENEMANN; http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ibju/v29n5/18554.pdf (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Finley, David S. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency associated stuttering priapism: report of a case. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2008-12, 5 (12): 2963–2966 [2020-12-25]. ISSN 1743-6109. PMID 18823322. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01007.x. (原始内容存档于2022-05-06).
- ^ Mi, Tiejuan; Abbasi, Shahrzad; Zhang, Hong; Uray, Karen; Chunn, Janci L.; Xia, Ling Wei; Molina, Jose G.; Weisbrodt, Norman W.; Kellems, Rodney E. Excess adenosine in murine penile erectile tissues contributes to priapism via A2B adenosine receptor signaling. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2008-04-01, 118 (4): 1491–1501. ISSN 0021-9738. PMC 2267015 . PMID 18340377. doi:10.1172/JCI33467.
- ^ Macaluso JN. Priapism: Update for the non-urologist. Sexual Medicine Today. 1985, 9: 11–15.
- ^ Bansal, Shwetank; Gupta, Sumit Kumar. Sodium Valproate induced priapism in an adult with bipolar affective disorder. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 2013, 45 (6): 629–630. ISSN 0253-7613. PMC 3847259 . PMID 24347777. doi:10.4103/0253-7613.121383.
- ^ Burnett, Arthur L.; Bivalacqua, Trinity J.; Champion, Hunter C.; Musicki, Biljana. Long-term oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor therapy alleviates recurrent priapism. Urology. 2006-05, 67 (5): 1043–1048 [2020-08-28]. ISSN 1527-9995. PMID 16698365. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2005.11.045. (原始内容存档于2022-03-13).
- ^ Burnett, Arthur L.; Bivalacqua, Trinity J.; Champion, Hunter C.; Musicki, Biljana. Feasibility of the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in a pharmacologic prevention program for recurrent priapism. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2006-11, 3 (6): 1077–1084 [2020-12-25]. ISSN 1743-6095. PMID 17100941. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00333.x. (原始内容存档于2021-02-11).
擴展閱讀
- Beers MH, Berkow R (Eds.) (1999). The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy (17 ed.). Whitehouse Station: Merck Research Laboratories. ISBN 0-911910-10-7
- Therapeutic Guidelines Limited (2001). Therapeutic Guidelines: Endocrinology (2 ed.). North Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. ISSN 1327-9505
- Guidelines on management of priapism - American Urological Association website
- Priapism Primer: Priapism (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Macaluso JN: Priapism (letter). Urology. 25:335, 1985