痛风石

长期高尿酸血症(血液中尿酸水平高)患者的尿酸晶体以单钠尿酸晶体的形式沉积

痛风石(英语:Tophus)是重型和慢性痛风的标志,是内含大量单钠尿酸晶体的慢性肉芽肿样结构,周围包裹有炎症细胞和结缔组织,多发于尿酸水平控制不佳的痛风患者[1][2][3]。痛风石可影响局部皮肤外观,严重者可导致关节畸形、骨质破坏、皮肤破溃甚至骨折,对患者日常生活和工作造成严重影响[4]。其形成受遗传、生活环境和个人行为等多因素共同作用影响,其形成机制尚未完全明确[3][4]

研究分析显示,血尿酸是痛风石形成的危险因素,血尿酸水平越高越易形成痛风石[4]。年龄越大,痛风石形成的风险越高[3],痛风病程较长的患者更易形成痛风石[4][5]

摄入过多富含嘌呤的食物(如动物内脏、大豆、海产品等)会使血尿酸异常升高增加患痛风的风险[6][7]。合理膳食对于痛风患者病情进展和降低因痛风过早死亡的相关并发症有着重要作用[8]。另有研究显示以蔬果、低脂乳品摄入等为主的得舒饮食与降低痛风发生风险有关[9]

参考来源

  1. ^ Sriranganathan, Melonie K.; Vinik, Ophir; Falzon, Louise; Bombardier, Claire; van der Heijde, Desiree M.; Edwards, Christopher J. Interventions for tophi in gout: a Cochrane systematic literature review. The Journal of Rheumatology. Supplement. 2014-09, 92 [2023-05-12]. ISSN 0380-0903. PMID 25180130. doi:10.3899/jrheum.140464. (原始内容存档于2023-05-12). 
  2. ^ Chhana, Ashika; Dalbeth, Nicola. The gouty tophus: a review. Current Rheumatology Reports. 2015-03, 17 (3) [2023-05-12]. ISSN 1534-6307. PMID 25761926. doi:10.1007/s11926-014-0492-x. (原始内容存档于2023-05-12). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Perez-Ruiz, Fernando; Dalbeth, Nicola. Gout. Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America. 2019-11, 45 (4) [2023-05-12]. ISSN 1558-3163. PMID 31564298. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2019.08.001. (原始内容存档于2023-05-12). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 刘静; 陈玥桥; 陈秋志; 于一凡; 刘傲男; 郑武燕; 吕万萍; 郭以川; 杨艳芳. 痛风患者痛风石形成现状及相关因素分析. 现代预防医学. 2022-09-10 [2022-05-12]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-12). 
  5. ^ Lawrence Edwards, N.; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Troum, Orrin; Yeo, Anthony E.; Lipsky, Peter E. Characterization of patients with chronic refractory gout who do and do not have clinically apparent tophi and their response to pegloticase. Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2019-03-06 [2023-05-12]. ISSN 1462-0332. PMID 30843588. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kez017. (原始内容存档于2023-05-12). 
  6. ^ Zhang, Yuqing; Chen, Clara; Choi, Hyon; Chaisson, Christine; Hunter, David; Niu, Jingbo; Neogi, Tuhina. Purine-rich foods intake and recurrent gout attacks. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2012-09, 71 (9) [2023-05-12]. ISSN 1468-2060. PMC 3889483 . PMID 22648933. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201215. (原始内容存档于2023-05-12). 
  7. ^ Hainer, Barry L.; Matheson, Eric; Wilkes, R. Travis. Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Gout. American Family Physician. 2014-12-15, 90 (12) [2023-05-12]. (原始内容存档于2023-08-03) (美国英语). 
  8. ^ Yokose, Chio; McCormick, Natalie; Choi, Hyon K. Dietary and Lifestyle-Centered Approach in Gout Care and Prevention. Current Rheumatology Reports. 2021-07-01, 23 (7) [2023-05-12]. ISSN 1534-6307. PMC 9281000 . PMID 34196878. doi:10.1007/s11926-021-01020-y. (原始内容存档于2023-05-12). 
  9. ^ Rai, Sharan K.; Fung, Teresa T.; Lu, Na; Keller, Sarah F.; Curhan, Gary C.; Choi, Hyon K. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Western diet, and risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2017-05-09, 357 [2023-05-12]. ISSN 1756-1833. PMC 5423545 . PMID 28487277. doi:10.1136/bmj.j1794. (原始内容存档于2023-05-12).