痛風石

长期高尿酸血症(血液中尿酸水平高)患者的尿酸晶体以单钠尿酸晶体的形式沉积

痛風石(英語:Tophus)是重型和慢性痛風的標誌,是內含大量單鈉尿酸晶體的慢性肉芽腫樣結構,周圍包裹有炎症細胞和結締組織,多發於尿酸水平控制不佳的痛風患者[1][2][3]。痛風石可影響局部皮膚外觀,嚴重者可導致關節畸形、骨質破壞、皮膚破潰甚至骨折,對患者日常生活和工作造成嚴重影響[4]。其形成受遺傳、生活環境和個人行為等多因素共同作用影響,其形成機制尚未完全明確[3][4]

研究分析顯示,血尿酸是痛風石形成的危險因素,血尿酸水平越高越易形成痛風石[4]。年齡越大,痛風石形成的風險越高[3],痛風病程較長的患者更易形成痛風石[4][5]

攝入過多富含嘌呤的食物(如動物內臟、大豆、海產品等)會使血尿酸異常升高增加患痛風的風險[6][7]。合理膳食對於痛風患者病情進展和降低因痛風過早死亡的相關併發症有着重要作用[8]。另有研究顯示以蔬果、低脂乳品攝入等為主的得舒飲食與降低痛風發生風險有關[9]

參考來源

  1. ^ Sriranganathan, Melonie K.; Vinik, Ophir; Falzon, Louise; Bombardier, Claire; van der Heijde, Desiree M.; Edwards, Christopher J. Interventions for tophi in gout: a Cochrane systematic literature review. The Journal of Rheumatology. Supplement. 2014-09, 92 [2023-05-12]. ISSN 0380-0903. PMID 25180130. doi:10.3899/jrheum.140464. (原始內容存檔於2023-05-12). 
  2. ^ Chhana, Ashika; Dalbeth, Nicola. The gouty tophus: a review. Current Rheumatology Reports. 2015-03, 17 (3) [2023-05-12]. ISSN 1534-6307. PMID 25761926. doi:10.1007/s11926-014-0492-x. (原始內容存檔於2023-05-12). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Perez-Ruiz, Fernando; Dalbeth, Nicola. Gout. Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America. 2019-11, 45 (4) [2023-05-12]. ISSN 1558-3163. PMID 31564298. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2019.08.001. (原始內容存檔於2023-05-12). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 劉靜; 陳玥橋; 陳秋志; 於一凡; 劉傲男; 鄭武燕; 呂萬萍; 郭以川; 楊艷芳. 痛风患者痛风石形成现状及相关因素分析. 現代預防醫學. 2022-09-10 [2022-05-12]. (原始內容存檔於2023-05-12). 
  5. ^ Lawrence Edwards, N.; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Troum, Orrin; Yeo, Anthony E.; Lipsky, Peter E. Characterization of patients with chronic refractory gout who do and do not have clinically apparent tophi and their response to pegloticase. Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2019-03-06 [2023-05-12]. ISSN 1462-0332. PMID 30843588. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kez017. (原始內容存檔於2023-05-12). 
  6. ^ Zhang, Yuqing; Chen, Clara; Choi, Hyon; Chaisson, Christine; Hunter, David; Niu, Jingbo; Neogi, Tuhina. Purine-rich foods intake and recurrent gout attacks. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2012-09, 71 (9) [2023-05-12]. ISSN 1468-2060. PMC 3889483 . PMID 22648933. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201215. (原始內容存檔於2023-05-12). 
  7. ^ Hainer, Barry L.; Matheson, Eric; Wilkes, R. Travis. Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Gout. American Family Physician. 2014-12-15, 90 (12) [2023-05-12]. (原始內容存檔於2023-08-03) (美國英語). 
  8. ^ Yokose, Chio; McCormick, Natalie; Choi, Hyon K. Dietary and Lifestyle-Centered Approach in Gout Care and Prevention. Current Rheumatology Reports. 2021-07-01, 23 (7) [2023-05-12]. ISSN 1534-6307. PMC 9281000 . PMID 34196878. doi:10.1007/s11926-021-01020-y. (原始內容存檔於2023-05-12). 
  9. ^ Rai, Sharan K.; Fung, Teresa T.; Lu, Na; Keller, Sarah F.; Curhan, Gary C.; Choi, Hyon K. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Western diet, and risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2017-05-09, 357 [2023-05-12]. ISSN 1756-1833. PMC 5423545 . PMID 28487277. doi:10.1136/bmj.j1794. (原始內容存檔於2023-05-12).