乞丐鱼目

史前輻鰭魚類

乞丐鱼目学名Ichthyodectiformes)是一类已灭绝的海生硬骨鱼类,该目命名自由爱德华·德林克·科普于1870年建立的渔猎鱼属。乞丐鱼目通常被认为是一些冠群硬骨鱼的近亲。[1]

乞丐鱼目
化石时期:中侏罗世晚白垩世巴通期至马斯特里赫特期
  1. 勇猛剑射鱼Xiphactinus audax
  2. 栉齿乞丐鱼Ichthyodectes ctenodon
  3. 加德纳叶环鱼Cladocyclus gardneri
  4. Chirocentrites英语Chirocentrites属未定种
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopteri
亚纲: 新鳍亚纲 Neopterygii
下纲: 真骨下纲 Teleostei
目: 乞丐鱼目 Ichthyodectiformes
Bardack & Sprinkle, 1969
下属分类

见内文

乞丐鱼目的多样性白垩纪时期最为丰富,但三重鱼属屠鱼面鱼属异三重鱼属等基底类群早在侏罗纪中晚期就分布于欧洲北美洲。大多数乞丐鱼类的体长在1到5米(3到15英尺)之间。大多数已知的乞丐鱼类是以较小的鱼类为食的掠食者;在某些情况下,体型较大的乞丐鱼类会捕食体型较小的同目近亲。有些乞丐鱼类有非常大的牙齿,而其他牙齿很小的物种(如鳃腺鱼)会吸入猎物。Heckelichthys属则是一类罕见的非掠食性乞丐鱼类,更可能以微小的小颗粒为食。[2]有证据表明,该目至少有一个物种(即勇猛剑射鱼)可能是温血动物[3]

系统学

基底物种的系统发生学问题很难解决,这导致了许多已描述的相当原始的乞丐鱼类的具体演化地位无法准确确定。

乞丐鱼目 Ichthyodectiformes[1][4]

  • Altamuraichthys Taverne, 2016[6]
  • Capassoichthys Taverne, 2015[6]
  • Dugaldia Lees, 1990
  • Faugichthys Taverne & Chanet, 2000
  • Furloichthys Taverne & Capasso, 2018[6]
  • Garganoichthys Taverne, 2009[6]
  • Prymnetes Cope, 1871[9]
  • Sultanuvaisia Nesov, 1981
  • 乞丐鱼科 Ichthyodectidae Crook, 1892

参考文献

  1. ^ 跳转到: 1.0 1.1 Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. Fishes of the World 5th. John Wiley & Sons. 2016. ISBN 9781118342336. 
  2. ^ Baños-Rodríguez, Rocio Elizabeth; González-Rodríguez, Katia Adriana; Wilson, Mark V. H.; González-Martínez, Jorge Alberto. A new species of Heckelichthys from the Muhi Quarry (Albian–Cenomanian) of central Mexico. Cretaceous Research. 2020-06-01, 110: 104415. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 213275574. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104415 (英语). 
  3. ^ Ferrón, H. G. Evidence of endothermy in the extinct macropredatory osteichthyan Xiphactinus audax (Teleostei, Ichthyodectiformes). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2019, 39 (6): e1724123 [2023-04-02]. S2CID 216158318. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1724123. hdl:1983/e6d12da6-4f25-46ce-bb14-74fd2beddd82. (原始内容存档于2023-04-02). 
  4. ^ Cavin, L.; Berrell, R. W. Revision of Dugaldia emmilta (Teleostei, Ichthyodectiformes) from the Toolebuc Formation, Albian of Australia, with comments on the jaw mechanics. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2019, 39 (1): e1576049. S2CID 190880286. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1576049. 
  5. ^ Taverne, L. Les Ichthyodectidae (Teleostei, Ichthyodectiformes) des schistes bitumineux de TAptien (Crétacé inférieur) de Guinée Équatoriale et du Gabon (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. 2010, 80: 115–143 [2023-04-02]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-02-27) (法语). 
  6. ^ 跳转到: 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Taverne, L.; Capasso, L. Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Furloichthys bonarellii gen. and sp. nov. (Teleostei, Ichthyodectidae), a tropical fish from the Upper Cretaceous of central Italy (PDF). Geo-Eco-Trop. 2018, 42 (1): 75–88 [2023-04-02]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-08-18). 
  7. ^ Arratia, G.; Scasso, R. A.; Kiessling, W. Late Jurassic fishes from Longing Gap, Antarctic Peninsula. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2004, 24 (1): 41–55. S2CID 85783766. doi:10.1671/1952-4. 
  8. ^ Arratia, G. Remarkable teleostean fishes from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany and their phylogenetic relationships. Fossil Record. 2000, 3 (1): 137–179. doi:10.1002/mmng.20000030108 . 
  9. ^ Blanco-Piñón, A.; Alvarado-Ortega, J. Review of Vallecillichthys multivertebratum (Teleostei: Ichthyodectiformes), a Late Cretaceous (early Turonian) "Bulldog fish" from northeastern Mexico (PDF). Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas. 2007, 24 (3): 450–466 [2023-04-02]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-02-27). 
  10. ^ Kim, H.; Chang, M.; Wu, F.; Kim, Y. A new ichthyodectiform (Pisces, Teleostei) from the Lower Cretaceous of South Korea and its paleobiogeographic implication. Cretaceous Research. 2014, 47: 117–130. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2013.11.007. 
  11. ^ Hacker, R. J.; Shimada, K. A new ichthyodectiform fish (Actinopterygii: Teleostei) from the Arlington Member (mid-Cenomanian) of the Upper Cretaceous Woodbine Formation in Texas, USA. Cretaceous Research. 2021, 123: 104798. S2CID 233806833. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104798. 
  12. ^ Cavin, L.; Boudad, L.; Tong, H.; Läng, E.; Tabouelle, J.; Vullo, R. Taxonomic Composition and Trophic Structure of the Continental Bony Fish Assemblage from the Early Late Cretaceous of Southeastern Morocco. PLOS ONE. 2015, 10 (5): e0125786. PMC 4446216 . PMID 26018561. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125786 . 
  13. ^ Kaddumi, Hani F. Ichthyodectids of the late Maastrichtian sediments of the Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation of Harrana. Fossils of the Harrana Fauna and the Adjacent Areas. Amman: Eternal River Museum of Natural History. 2009. OCLC 709582892. 
  14. ^ Cope, E. D. (1870). On the Saurodontidæ. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 11:529-538
  15. ^ Cope, E. D. (1873). On two new species of Saurodontidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 25:2-339
  16. ^ Vullo, R., Buffetaut, E. and Everhart, M.J. (2012). "Reappraisal of Gwawinapterus beardi from the Late Cretaceous of Canada: a saurodontid fish, not a pterosaur." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 32(5): 1198-1201. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.681078