奥氏栉龙属
奥氏栉龙属(属名:Augustynolophus)是一属栉龙亚科的鸭嘴龙科恐龙,发现于加州的莫雷诺组(Moreno Formation),[1]年代为马斯垂克阶,使它成为白垩纪-古近纪灭绝事件前最后存在的恐龙。[2]
奥氏栉龙属 化石时期:白垩纪晚期,
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正模标本的头骨 | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 蜥形纲 Sauropsida |
总目: | 恐龙总目 Dinosauria |
目: | †鸟臀目 Ornithischia |
亚目: | †鸟脚亚目 Ornithopoda |
科: | †鸭嘴龙科 Hadrosauridae |
亚科: | †栉龙亚科 Saurolophinae |
属: | †奥氏栉龙属 Augustynolophus Prieto-Márquez et al., 2014 |
模式种 | |
†莫氏奥氏栉龙 Augustynolophus morrisi Prieto-Márquez et al., 2014
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异名 | |
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发现历史
属名纪念赞助洛杉矶博物馆的奥古斯汀(Augustyn)家族,加上字尾-lophus意指它和栉龙的关系,种名纪念古生物学家威廉·莫里斯(William Morris)[3],最初被叙述成栉龙的一个种:莫氏栉龙(Saurolophus morrisi)[4][5],然而在经过更深入的研究后,发现它在颅骨结构上与栉龙族的其他物种:奥氏栉龙[6][7][8]、窄吻栉龙[9][10]、巨原栉龙有很大差异,足以自成一属。[11]
所有已知的奥氏栉龙标本发现都局限于加州,该州属于拉腊米迪亚古陆的一部分,是世界著名的恐龙化石点之一。[12]目前有两个已知的奥氏栉龙标本:正模标本LACM / CIT 2852出土于1943年,由大部分头骨(包含齿骨和前齿骨)、脊椎、四肢和手部组成;第二具标本LACM / CIT 2760发现于1939年,由头骨和四肢组成。根据较小的体型,推测可能是青少年个体。[5][13]这是来自美国西海岸的三种已知的恐龙之一,另外两种分别是坎潘阶的漂泊甲龙[14]、和来自华盛顿州的未叙述暴龙科[15]。但在加州和邻近地区也发现了未定的鸭嘴龙类遗骸。[16][17]
2017年9月,奥氏栉龙被指定为加州的州恐龙。[18]
叙述
古生态学
拉腊米迪亚海岸省份的恐龙所知甚少[20],如同西部内陆海道对面阿帕拉契亚古陆的情况。美西拥有丰富的化石发现和历史,最著名的例子有地狱溪组(Hell Creek Formation)及双麦迪逊组(Two Medicine Formation)。[21]然而美西海岸和阿帕拉契亚一样,陆生动物(主要是恐龙)并未被妥善的研究也不知名。
尽管加州恐龙罕见的事实,但莫雷诺组是加州研究最深入的中生代地层之一,并以大量海相化石闻名[22][23][24][25]。与奥氏栉龙生活于同一地区的生物包括了龟、沧龙、蛇颈龙及辐鳍鱼类[26]。其中生活于莫雷诺组的龟包括王龟属及甲尾龟属[27];沧龙类包括倾齿龙属、大洋龙属、近瘤龙属及浮龙属[28];蛇颈龙包括费雷斯诺龙属、莫雷诺龙属、海泡龙属及水怪龙属[29][30][31];辐鳍鱼类则包括邦鱼属及蜥齿鱼属[32]。
参考资料
- ^ Sues, H.D.; Bell, P.R.; Evans, D.C. Revision of the status of Saurolophus (Hadrosauridae) from California, USA.. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2010, 47 (11): 1417–1426. doi:10.1139/e10-062.
- ^ Lehman, T.M. Late Maastrichtian paleoenvironments and dinosaur biogeography in the western interior of North America. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 1987, 60: 189–217. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(87)90032-0.
- ^ Prieto-Márquez, Albert; Wagner, Jonathan R.; Bell, Phil R.; Chiappe, Luis M. The late-surviving 'duck-billed' dinosaur Augustynolophus from the upper Maastrichtian of western North America and crest evolution in Saurolophini. Geological Magazine. 2014, 152 (2): 225–241. Bibcode:2015GeoM..152..225P. doi:10.1017/S0016756814000284.
- ^ Morris, W.J. California dinosaurs. Bottjer, DJ; Colburn, IP; Cooper, JD (编). Late Cretaceous Depositional Environments and Paleogeography, Santa Ana Mountains, Southern California. Los Angeles: Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. 1982.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Prieto-Márquez, A.; Wagner, J.R. A new species of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of the Pacific coast of North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2013, 58 (2): 255–268. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0049.
- ^ Brown, B. A crested dinosaur from the Edmonton Cretaceous. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: 131–136. 1912.
- ^ Brown, B. The skeleton of Saurolophus, a crestedduck-billed dinosaur from the Edmonton Cretaceous. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 1913, 32: 387–393.
- ^ Bell, P.R. Redescription of the skull of Saurolophus osborni Brown 1912 (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae). Cretaceous Research. February 2011, 32 (1): 30–44. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.10.002.
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