戈夫-格雷奇方程式

戈夫-格雷奇方程式(英語:Goff-Gratch equation)可以在給定溫度的情況下用來確定水的飽和蒸汽壓。另一個類似的方程是Arden Buck方程式

歷史

戈夫-格雷奇方程式是以它的兩個作者戈夫(Goff)和格雷奇(Gratch)命名,他們在文章裡介紹了在某個溫度下,如何計算平靜的水面上水的飽和蒸汽壓。戈夫在1957年修訂了這個方程,1988年戈夫-格雷奇方程式被世界氣象組織所推薦,2000年又進行了進一步修正。

方程式

原始的戈夫-格雷奇方程式(1946) 如下:

   
 
 

其中:

log 是以10為底的對數
e* 水的飽和蒸汽壓(hPa)
T是以開爾文表示的絕對溫度K
Tst沸點溫度(373.15 K)
e*st 是沸點壓力(1 atm = 1013.25 hPa)

在冰面上方,水的飽和蒸汽壓可簡化為:

   
 

其中:

log 是以10為底的對數
e*i 在冰面上方水的飽和蒸汽壓(hPa)
T 是空氣溫度(K)
T0 是冰點溫度(273.16 K)
e*i0 是冰點壓力(6.1173 hPa)

參考文獻

  • Goff, J. A., and Gratch, S. (1946) Low-pressure properties of water from −160 to 212 °F, in Transactions of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, pp 95–122, presented at the 52nd annual meeting of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, New York, 1946.
  • Goff, J. A. (1957) Saturation pressure of water on the new Kelvin temperature scale, Transactions of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, pp 347–354, presented at the semi-annual meeting of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, Murray Bay, Que. Canada.
  • World Meteorological Organization (1988) General meteorological standards and recommended practices, Appendix A, WMO Technical Regulations, WMO-No. 49.
  • World Meteorological Organization (2000) General meteorological standards and recommended practices, Appendix A, WMO Technical Regulations, WMO-No. 49, corrigendum.
  • WMO Guide To Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation (the CIMO Guide). 2014 [2023-04-04]. WMO-No. 8. (原始內容存檔於2021-04-27). 
  • Murphy, D.M.; Koop, T. Review of the vapour pressures of ice and supercooled water for atmospheric applications. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 2005, 131 (608): 1539–65 [2023-04-04]. Bibcode:2005QJRMS.131.1539M. doi:10.1256/qj.04.94. (原始內容存檔於2020-08-18).