戈夫-格雷奇方程式

戈夫-格雷奇方程式(英語:Goff-Gratch equation)可以在给定温度的情况下用来确定水的饱和蒸汽压。另一个类似的方程是Arden Buck方程式

历史

戈夫-格雷奇方程式是以它的两个作者戈夫(Goff)和格雷奇(Gratch)命名,他们在文章里介绍了在某个温度下,如何计算平静的水面上水的饱和蒸汽压。戈夫在1957年修订了这个方程,1988年戈夫-格雷奇方程式被世界气象组织所推荐,2000年又进行了进一步修正。

方程式

原始的戈夫-格雷奇方程式(1946) 如下:

   
 
 

其中:

log 是以10为底的对数
e* 水的饱和蒸汽压(hPa)
T是以开尔文表示的绝对温度K
Tst沸点温度(373.15 K)
e*st 是沸点压力(1 atm = 1013.25 hPa)

在冰面上方,水的饱和蒸汽压可简化为:

   
 

其中:

log 是以10为底的对数
e*i 在冰面上方水的饱和蒸汽压(hPa)
T 是空气温度(K)
T0 是冰点温度(273.16 K)
e*i0 是冰点压力(6.1173 hPa)

参考文献

  • Goff, J. A., and Gratch, S. (1946) Low-pressure properties of water from −160 to 212 °F, in Transactions of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, pp 95–122, presented at the 52nd annual meeting of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, New York, 1946.
  • Goff, J. A. (1957) Saturation pressure of water on the new Kelvin temperature scale, Transactions of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, pp 347–354, presented at the semi-annual meeting of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, Murray Bay, Que. Canada.
  • World Meteorological Organization (1988) General meteorological standards and recommended practices, Appendix A, WMO Technical Regulations, WMO-No. 49.
  • World Meteorological Organization (2000) General meteorological standards and recommended practices, Appendix A, WMO Technical Regulations, WMO-No. 49, corrigendum.
  • WMO Guide To Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation (the CIMO Guide). 2014 [2023-04-04]. WMO-No. 8. (原始内容存档于2021-04-27). 
  • Murphy, D.M.; Koop, T. Review of the vapour pressures of ice and supercooled water for atmospheric applications. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 2005, 131 (608): 1539–65 [2023-04-04]. Bibcode:2005QJRMS.131.1539M. doi:10.1256/qj.04.94. (原始内容存档于2020-08-18).