胡蘿蔔湯

胡蘿蔔湯(在法語中被稱之為potage de Crécypotage Crécypotage à la Crécypurée à la Crécy,以及crème à la Crécy[1][2][3][4])是一種以胡蘿蔔為原料製成的蔬菜湯[5]這種湯還可以製成奶油湯或者高湯。在製作過程中還可以添加蔬菜、除胡蘿蔔以外的根莖類蔬菜英語root vegetables和其他各種配料。成湯以後既可以冷食也可以熱食,且包含多種做法。

一碗胡蘿蔔奶油湯

概述

胡蘿蔔湯可以做成奶油風味的湯[6][7]或者高湯[8][9]兩種湯均可以使用蔬菜原汁[10]或雞湯作為配料。[11][12]湯裡面除了胡蘿蔔還可以使用其他蔬菜,包括大蒜[8]洋蔥[7][2]馬鈴薯[9][13][14]蕪菁[15]根莖類蔬菜英語root vegetables。製作過程中也可以添加胡蘿蔔汁以及橙汁,[5][16][17][18]有時會在裡面添加蘿蔔英語purée[14][19]使用胡蘿蔔泥製作的胡蘿蔔湯可能會有濃稠感,而且口感也很順滑。[20]烹飪之後可以用筲箕過濾菜餚。[14][21][22]所使用的胡蘿蔔可以去皮或不去皮,去皮的胡蘿蔔可以使菜泥更加順滑。[19]湯的顏色會根據所用的胡蘿蔔的顏色而有所差異。[23]嫩胡蘿蔔往往會使湯更甜,並賦予其鮮艷的橙色。而老的和大的胡蘿蔔甜度較低,可能會使湯呈現黃色。使用內部質地木質化的老胡蘿蔔或有裂紋的胡蘿蔔可能會使湯的質量變得較差。[2]

胡蘿蔔湯的配料存在多種變化。有些蘿蔔湯的配料里包含椰奶椰子水、椰漿、椰膏英語coconut butter或椰子片。[16][23][24][25]而有些時候則把生薑當作配料,[26][27][28]有些時候則是咖喱[16][24]胡蘿蔔頂部的綠葉也可以當作這道菜的配料。[13]切好的薄荷葉有時也會被使用。[5][29]鹽和胡椒可用於給菜餚調味[8]有時也會使用肉豆蔻作為調料。[30][31][32]有時也會在胡蘿蔔湯做好後在上面加入酸奶、酸奶醬、法式酸奶油酸奶油[10][12][23][33][34],以及其他配料。

英國,一種比普通胡蘿蔔湯更受歡迎的獨特湯品是胡蘿蔔香菜湯,這種湯品由粗糙地切成的或磨碎的胡蘿蔔、大蒜和香菜製成。[35][36]

橘子英語Zest (ingredient)既可以用作胡蘿蔔湯的裝飾菜英語Garnish (food),也可以用作菜餚本身的一種配料,或者二者皆可。[16][17][37][38]其他可以用於裝飾胡蘿蔔湯的蔬菜包括蒔蘿、胡蘿蔔葉、[7][33]磨碎,切碎或者切成丁的胡蘿蔔、[23]細香蔥[10][29],還有其他新鮮的且切碎的香草、麵包丁和土司塊[1][11][14][15][22]等等。

胡蘿蔔湯里可能含有大量的亞硝酸鹽[39]

在法國菜中的胡蘿蔔湯

 
克雷西胡蘿蔔濃湯英語Potage

胡蘿蔔湯,又稱克雷西濃湯(法語:potage de Crécypotage Crécy等),被譽為法國料理中的「經典」和「著名」菜餚。[1][20][40]這種濃湯英語Potage以法國北部索姆省市鎮克雷西昂蓬蒂約命名,據說該地生產的胡蘿蔔味道最佳。[41][42]

在法國料理中,克雷西濃湯通常與米飯一起烹製。米飯有時候可以作為這種濃湯的小菜[2][22][43][44]有時也可以作為使這種湯品變稠的配料,[45][46]大麥也曾被當作這種配料。[45]

歷史

儘管現代的味道甜且顏色為橙色的胡蘿蔔直到16世紀才在低地國家被培育出來,但即便如此,英國人曾經依然習慣於每年8月26日的時候食用胡蘿蔔濃湯,以紀念1346年8月26日在法國克雷西昂蓬蒂約發生的克雷西會戰[30][41]

英國國王愛德華七世在1901年至1910年期間每逢克雷西會戰的周年紀念日都會食用胡蘿蔔濃湯,[30]以此來紀念自己領導這場戰役的祖先黑太子愛德華[30]亨利·史密斯認為,人們在克雷西戰役結束之後用了產自克雷西的胡蘿蔔為打贏這場戰役的英國士兵熬製了這道湯。[4]奧地利兒科醫生恩斯特·摩洛英語Ernst Moro發明了摩洛版的胡蘿蔔湯,這種胡蘿蔔湯已被證明能夠有效對抗由具有抗生素抗藥性的細菌引起的腹瀉[47]

參見

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shulman, Martha Rose. Pureed Carrot Soup Recipe. 紐約時報. 2009-01-22 [2015-12-06]. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 David, E.; Child, J.; Renny, J. French Provincial Cooking. Penguin twentieth-century classics. Penguin Publishing Group. 1999: 189–190. ISBN 978-1-101-50123-8. 
  3. ^ Foskett, D.; Rippington, N.; Paskins, P. Practical Cookery for the Level 2 Professional Cookery Diploma, 3rd edition. Hodder Education. 2015: 156. ISBN 978-1-4718-3962-7. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Smith, H. The Master Books of Soups. London: Spring Books. 1900s: 170.  Note: More information about The Master Books of Soups from: Google Books and Internet Archive.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Traunfeld, J. The Herbfarm Cookbook. Scribner. 2013: 24–25. ISBN 978-1-4767-6250-0. 
  6. ^ HuffPost. Recipe Of The Day: Creamy Carrot Soup. The Huffington Post. 2012-10-10 [2015-12-06]. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Creasy, R. Rosalind Creasy's Recipes from the Garden. Cookery, Food and Drink Series. Tuttle Publishing. 2008: 87. ISBN 978-0-8048-3768-2. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Michael Anthony's Carrot Soup With Coconut Milk. ABC新聞. [2015-120-6]. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Chilled Carrot Soup. WAFB 9. 2008-08-12 [2015-12-06]. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Copeland, S.; Kim, Y. Feast: Generous Vegetarian Meals for Any Eater and Every Appetite. Chronicle Books LLC. 2013: 86. ISBN 978-1-4521-2960-0. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Chamberlain, S.; Chamberlain, N. Clémentine in the Kitchen. Food Series. Modern Library. 2001: 175. ISBN 978-0-375-75664-1. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Sander, J.B. The Martini Diet. Fair Winds. 2004: 160. ISBN 978-1-61059-380-9. 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Creasy, R. The Edible French Garden. Tuttle. 1999: 70. ISBN 978-1-4629-1759-4. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Cooke, M.C. Breakfast, Dinner and Supper, Or What to Eat and how to Prepare it. J.H. Moore. 1897: 62. 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 Picayune, T. The Picayune's Creole Cook Book. The Times-Picayune. 1901: 27–28. ISBN 978-1-4494-4043-5.  Note: More information about The Picayune's Creole Cook Book: "Local historian digs up long-lost info on The Picayune Creole Cook Book". The Times-Picayune英語The Times-Picayune.
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Sackett, L.; Pestka, J.; Gisslen, W. Professional Garde Manger: A Comprehensive Guide to Cold Food Preparation. John Wiley & Sons. 2010: 288. ISBN 978-0-470-17996-3. 
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 McNair, J.K.; Brabant, P. James McNair's Soups. Chronicle Books. 1990: 23 [2015-12-06]. ISBN 978-0-87701-753-0. 
  18. ^ Gerras, C.; Cusumano, C.; Munson, C. Rodale's Basic Natural Foods Cookbook. Simon & Schuster. 1989: 128. ISBN 978-0-671-67338-3. 
  19. ^ 19.0 19.1 Dragonwagon, C. Dairy Hollow House Soup & Bread: A Country Inn Cookbook. Workman Pub. 1992: 119–120. ISBN 978-0-89480-751-0. 
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 Bittman, M. How to Cook Everything Vegetarian: Simple Meatless Recipes for Great Food. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2011: 129. ISBN 978-0-544-18695-8. 
  21. ^ De Rivaz, E. Little French Dinners. New Amsterdam Book Company. 1900: 16. 
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Cracknell, H.L.; Kaufmann, R.J. Practical Professional Cookery. Cengage Learning. 1999: 126. ISBN 978-1-86152-873-5. 
  23. ^ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 Madison, D. Vegetable Literacy: Cooking and Gardening with Twelve Families from the Edible Plant Kingdom, with over 300 Deliciously Simple Recipes. Potter/TenSpeed/Harmony. 2013: 13–15. ISBN 978-1-60774-192-3. 
  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 Steen, C.; Newman, J.M. 500 Vegan Recipes: An Amazing Variety of Delicious Recipes, From Chilis and Casseroles to Crumbles, Crisps, and Cookies. Fair Winds Press. 2009: 134. ISBN 978-1-61673-459-6. 
  25. ^ Moskowitz, I.C. Vegan with a Vengeance, 10th Anniversary Edition: Over 150 Delicious, Cheap, Animal-Free Recipes That Rock. Da Capo Press. 2015: 56 [2015-12-06]. ISBN 978-0-7382-1834-2. 
  26. ^ Druker, M.; Silverstein, C. New England Soup Factory Cookbook: More Than 100 Recipes from the Nation's Best Purveyor of Fine Soup. Thomas Nelson. 2007: 105. ISBN 978-1-4185-7222-8. 
  27. ^ Connell, L.O. American Plate: A Culinary History in 100 Bites. Sourcebooks. 2014: 272. ISBN 978-1-4926-0304-7. 
  28. ^ LOHAS風蔬果料理. 輕鬆小品. 旗林文化出版社. 2007: 47. ISBN 978-986-6881-05-3 (中文). 
  29. ^ 29.0 29.1 King, N.I.; Waters, A. My Bombay Kitchen: Traditional and Modern Parsi Home Cooking. University of California Press. 2007: 74. ISBN 978-0-520-93337-8. 
  30. ^ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 The Circle and Success Magazine. Funk & Wagnalls Company. 1908: 117. 
  31. ^ Hensperger, B.; Kaufmann, J. Not Your Mother's Slow Cooker Cookbook. NYM Series. Harvard Common Press. 2004: 83. ISBN 978-1-55832-245-5. 
  32. ^ Goodman, M.; Holland, L.; McKinstry, P. Food to Live By: The Earthbound Farm Organic Cookbook. Workman Publishing Company. 2012: 36. ISBN 978-0-7611-7629-9. 
  33. ^ 33.0 33.1 Rosso, J.; Lukins, S. The New Basics Cookbook. Workman Pub. 1989: 93. ISBN 978-0-89480-341-3. 
  34. ^ Bittman, M. The Best Recipes in the World. Potter/TenSpeed/Harmony. 2009: 284. ISBN 978-0-307-48217-4. 
  35. ^ Carrot and coriander soup. The Telegraph. 2015-12-27 [2017-09-25]. 
  36. ^ Carrot and coriander soup. goodtoknow. [2017-09-19] (英國英語). 
  37. ^ Webb, R. Eat to Beat Diabetes: Over 300 Scrumptious Recipes to Help You Enjoy Life and Stay Well. Reader's Digest Association. 2003: 222. ISBN 978-0-7621-0486-4. 
  38. ^ Soupes: Potages et consommés. Saveurs d'Annie. Editions Artémis. 2006: 7. ISBN 978-2-84416-435-3.  (法語)
  39. ^ L'hirondel, J. Nitrate and Man: Toxic, Harmless Or Beneficial?. CABI Publishing Series. CABI. 2002: 40–41. ISBN 978-0-85199-566-3. 
  40. ^ Davidson, A.; Jaine, T.; Davidson, J.; Saberi, H. The Oxford Companion to Food. Oxford Companions. OUP Oxford. 2006: 531–532 [2015-12-06]. ISBN 978-0-19-101825-1. 
  41. ^ 41.0 41.1 Binney, R. Wise Words and Country Ways for Cooks. F+W Media. 2012: 119. ISBN 978-0-7153-3392-1. 
  42. ^ Worthington, D.R.; Williams, C.; Caruso, M. Williams-Sonoma Collection: French. Williams Sonoma Collection. Free Press. 2004: 30. ISBN 978-0-7432-4994-2. Potage Crécy: Crécy, a town in northern France that produces some of the country's best carrots, ... Smaller, slender but mature carrots, especially those that have been organically grown, have the best flavor. very large or thick carrots often ... 
  43. ^ Cox, J. The Organic Cook's Bible: How to Select and Cook the Best Ingredients on the Market. Skyhorse Publishing Company, Incorporated. 2015: 199–200. ISBN 978-1-5107-0048-2. 
  44. ^ Guides, R. Rough Guide Phrasebook: French: French. Rough Guide to... Rough Guides. 2011: 244. ISBN 978-1-4053-8644-9. 
  45. ^ 45.0 45.1 Senn, C.H. The Menu Book. Food & Cookery Publishing Agency. 1908: 83. 
  46. ^ Food & Beverage Service: A Training Manual. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. : 298. ISBN 978-1-259-08292-4. 
  47. ^ Professor Moro's carrot soup (Article in German)

延伸閱讀

外部連結