梅爾曼–瓦格納定理
此條目可參照英語維基百科相應條目來擴充。 (2020年3月11日) |
在量子場論和統計力學中,梅爾曼–瓦格納定理(Mermin–Wagner定理,或稱梅爾銘-瓦格納-霍亨貝格定理、梅爾銘-瓦格納-別列津斯基定理、科勒曼定理)闡述了維度d ≤ 2的場論沒有自發對稱破缺(要不然無質量的南部玻色子會有無限的相關函數)。
概覽
若 φ 是高斯自由場(一種純量場),m是質量,維度d=2;傳播子是:
若m=0,
因為高斯定律,
若 , ,所以一維或二維的純量場沒有明確定義的平均值。
參見墨西哥帽模型。
XY模型的相變
d=2的O(2)模型沒有自發對稱破缺,但是有別列津斯基-科斯特利茨-索利斯相變。
(量子相變不受影響。)
兩相是:
1、
2、冪定律
(a ≪ r ≪ ξ
a 是晶格常數
歷史
2D晶體
限制
參考文獻
- ^ see Cardy (2002)
- ^ See Gelfert & Nolting (2001) .
- ^ Bloch, F. Zur Theorie des Ferromagnetismus. Zeitschrift für Physik. 1930-02-01, 61 (3–4): 206–219. Bibcode:1930ZPhy...61..206B. doi:10.1007/bf01339661.
- ^ Peierls, R.E. Bemerkungen über Umwandlungstemperaturen. Helv. Phys. Acta. 1934, 7: 81. doi:10.5169/seals-110415.
- ^ Landau, L.D. Theory of phase transformations II. Phys. Z. Sowjetunion: 545.
- ^ Shiba, H.; Yamada, Y.; Kawasaki, T.; Kim, K. Unveiling Dimensionality Dependence of Glassy Dynamics: 2D Infinite Fluctuation Eclipses Inherent Structural Relaxation. Physical Review Letters. 2016, 117 (24): 245701. Bibcode:2016PhRvL.117x5701S. PMID 28009193. arXiv:1510.02546 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.245701.
- ^ Vivek, S.; Kelleher, C.P.; Chaikin, P.M.; Weeks, E.R. Long-wavelength fluctuations and the glass transition in two dimensions and three dimensions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2017, 114 (8): 1850–1855. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.1850V. PMC 5338427 . PMID 28137847. arXiv:1604.07338 . doi:10.1073/pnas.1607226113.
- ^ Illing, B.; Fritschi, S.; Kaiser, H.; Klix, C.L.; Maret, G.; Keim, P. Mermin–Wagner fluctuations in 2D amorphous solids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2017, 114 (8): 1856–1861. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.1856I. PMC 5338416 . PMID 28137872. doi:10.1073/pnas.1612964114.
- ^ Cassi, D. Phase transitions and random walks on graphs: A generalization of the Mermin-Wagner theorem to disordered lattices, fractals, and other discrete structures. Physical Review Letters. 1992, 68 (24): 3631–3634. Bibcode:1992PhRvL..68.3631C. PMID 10045753. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.3631.
- ^ Merkl, F.; Wagner, H. Recurrent random walks and the absence of continuous symmetry breaking on graphs. Journal of Statistical Physics. 1994, 75 (1): 153–165. Bibcode:1994JSP....75..153M. doi:10.1007/bf02186284.
- ^ Thompson-Flagg, R.C.; Moura, M.J.B; Marder, M. Rippling of graphene. EPL. 2009, 85 (4): 46002. Bibcode:2009EL.....8546002T. arXiv:0807.2938 . doi:10.1209/0295-5075/85/46002.
- ^ Halperin, B.I. On the Hohenberg–Mermin–Wagner Theorem and Its Limitations. Journal of Statistical Physics. 2019, 175 (3–4): 521–529. Bibcode:2019JSP...175..521H. arXiv:1812.00220 . doi:10.1007/s10955-018-2202-y.