力量投射

政治术语

力量投射(英语:Power Projection),在军事学上,是一国家在其本土境外部署或保有其军事力量的能力。[1] 美国国防部定义“力量投射”为“一个国家快速有效地运用其全部或部分国家力量要素,包含政治、经济、资讯或军事,在多个分散区域快速有效地部署和维持部队,以应对危机、增强威慑和稳定区域的能力”[2]。 一国投射力量至一区域的能力能作为外交杠杆,影响该区域内其他国家的决策与行为。[3][4][5][6]

这种能力在国际关系是一个国家权力的重要组成成分。任何能够在其领土之外指挥其军事力量的国家,都可以说具有一定程度的“力量投射”能力,但这个术语通常用于具全球影响力的军事力量。即使是拥有可观硬实力资产的国家,只要缺乏能有效投射其力量至全球范围的手段,便仅能对局部地区施加有限影响。一般来说,只有少数国家能够克服部署和指挥现代机械化军事力量的后勤困难。[7][8] 盟国与伙伴国能承担部分“力量投射”的成本。[9][10][11] 力量梯度损失是衡量一国力量投射能力的指标之一。传统测量标准关注硬实力资产,如坦克、士兵、航空母舰与船舰等;软实力在力量投射上的运用仍需硬实力的支持。[12]

注脚

  1. ^ US Department of Defense. The Dictionary of Military Terms. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. 2013 [2023-07-21]. ISBN 9781628730197. (原始内容存档于2023-07-21). 
  2. ^ United States Department of Defense. J1-02: Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. [1] 互联网档案馆存档,存档日期2011-05-22.
  3. ^ Bartosz Głowacki (4 Feb 2022) What weapons will Poland send to Ukraine – and is an alliance next?页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  4. ^ Reuters (February 1, 2022) Factbox-How Ukraine's armed forces shape up against Russia's页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  5. ^ Pravda (Правда) (17 Mar 2022) Zelenskyy explained the essence of the new military alliance 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)   U24 from Zelenskyy's night address verbatim: "I addressed the United States and all responsible states with a proposition to create a new U24 union: a new union that will ensure that each aggressor receives a coordinated world response quickly, effectively, and immediately - not in weeks, months, years, but for the first 24 hours after the attack."   "We can no longer trust existing institutions. We cannot expect bureaucrats in international organisations to change fast enough, so we must look for new guarantees, create new tools, and to build alliances with those who have the courage to do what justice demands."
  6. ^ Salamah Magnuson, Morgan Keay, Kimberly Metcalf (Spring 2022) Countering Hybrid Warfare: Mapping Social Contracts to Reinforce Societal Resiliency in Estonia and Beyond页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  7. ^ Michael J. Mazarr (15 Apr 2020) Toward a New Theory of Power Projection页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  8. ^ Paul Kirby (23 Feb 2022) Why is Russia ordering troops into Ukraine and what does Putin want?页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  9. ^ Katie Lange (8 Oct 2018) National Defense Strategy: Alliances and Partnerships页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  10. ^ Ian Ward (23 Feb 2022) Joe Biden’s Secret Constitutional Weapon页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  11. ^ Andrew Desiderio, Tara Palmeri and Meridith McGraw (23 Feb 2022) Republicans descend into foreign policy factionalism over Russia-Ukraine standoff页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  12. ^ Shashank Joshi (29 Jan 2022) The technology of seeing and shooting your enemies页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

参见