力量投射

政治术语

力量投射(英語:Power Projection),在軍事學上,是一國家在其本土境外部署或保有其軍事力量的能力。[1] 美國國防部定義「力量投射」為「一個國家快速有效地運用其全部或部分國家力量要素,包含政治、經濟、資訊或軍事,在多個分散區域快速有效地部署和維持部隊,以應對危機、增強威懾和穩定區域的能力」[2]。 一國投射力量至一區域的能力能作為外交槓桿,影響該區域內其他國家的決策與行為。[3][4][5][6]

這種能力在國際關係是一個國家權力的重要組成成分。任何能夠在其領土之外指揮其軍事力量的國家,都可以說具有一定程度的「力量投射」能力,但這個術語通常用於具全球影響力的軍事力量。即使是擁有可觀硬實力資產的國家,只要缺乏能有效投射其力量至全球範圍的手段,便僅能對局部地區施加有限影響。一般來說,只有少數國家能夠克服部署和指揮現代機械化軍事力量的後勤困難。[7][8] 盟國與夥伴國能承擔部分「力量投射」的成本。[9][10][11] 力量梯度損失是衡量一國力量投射能力的指標之一。傳統測量標準關注硬實力資產,如坦克、士兵、航空母艦與船艦等;軟實力在力量投射上的運用仍需硬實力的支持。[12]

註腳

  1. ^ US Department of Defense. The Dictionary of Military Terms. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. 2013 [2023-07-21]. ISBN 9781628730197. (原始內容存檔於2023-07-21). 
  2. ^ United States Department of Defense. J1-02: Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. [1] 網際網路檔案館存檔,存檔日期2011-05-22.
  3. ^ Bartosz Głowacki (4 Feb 2022) What weapons will Poland send to Ukraine – and is an alliance next?頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館
  4. ^ Reuters (February 1, 2022) Factbox-How Ukraine's armed forces shape up against Russia's頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館
  5. ^ Pravda (Правда) (17 Mar 2022) Zelenskyy explained the essence of the new military alliance 頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)   U24 from Zelenskyy's night address verbatim: "I addressed the United States and all responsible states with a proposition to create a new U24 union: a new union that will ensure that each aggressor receives a coordinated world response quickly, effectively, and immediately - not in weeks, months, years, but for the first 24 hours after the attack."   "We can no longer trust existing institutions. We cannot expect bureaucrats in international organisations to change fast enough, so we must look for new guarantees, create new tools, and to build alliances with those who have the courage to do what justice demands."
  6. ^ Salamah Magnuson, Morgan Keay, Kimberly Metcalf (Spring 2022) Countering Hybrid Warfare: Mapping Social Contracts to Reinforce Societal Resiliency in Estonia and Beyond頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館
  7. ^ Michael J. Mazarr (15 Apr 2020) Toward a New Theory of Power Projection頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館
  8. ^ Paul Kirby (23 Feb 2022) Why is Russia ordering troops into Ukraine and what does Putin want?頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館
  9. ^ Katie Lange (8 Oct 2018) National Defense Strategy: Alliances and Partnerships頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館
  10. ^ Ian Ward (23 Feb 2022) Joe Biden’s Secret Constitutional Weapon頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館
  11. ^ Andrew Desiderio, Tara Palmeri and Meridith McGraw (23 Feb 2022) Republicans descend into foreign policy factionalism over Russia-Ukraine standoff頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館
  12. ^ Shashank Joshi (29 Jan 2022) The technology of seeing and shooting your enemies頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館

參見