擬抗體

擬抗體是一種功能與抗體類似，但結構與之完全沒有任何關係的有機化合物，它可以與抗原特異結合。通常它是人造的肽或者蛋白質，摩爾質量介於3至20kDa之間。有些胺基酸和小分子也被認為是擬抗體，而不是人造抗體、抗體結合區段或者融合蛋白的一部分。某些擬抗體具有和抗體類似的β摺疊結構。擬抗體相對於抗體來說，通常都具有更好的溶解性，組織穿透能力，更好的熱穩定性和酶穩定性，以及相對較低的生產成本。擬抗體正被開發用於治療與醫學診斷上^[1]。

示例

類型	原型	分子量	藥品舉例
親和配體分子^[2]	A蛋白Z域	6 kDa	ABY-025
Affilin^[3]	乙型γ晶狀體蛋白	20 kDa
Affilin^[3]	泛素	10 kDa	SPVF 2801
Affitin^[4]	Sac7d (from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius)	7 kDa
載脂蛋白擬抗體^[5]	Lipocalins	20 kDa
親和性多聚體^[6]	A domains of various membrane receptors	9–18 kDa
人造錨重複蛋白^[7]	Ankyrin repeat motif	10–19 kDa	MP0112
原癌基因酪氨酸蛋白激酶多聚體^[8]	原癌基因酪氨酸蛋白激酶的SH3域	7 kDa
Kunitz型結構域肽^[9]	多種蛋白酶抑制劑的Kunitz域	6 kDa	Ecallantide
單擬抗體^[10]	纖連蛋白的第10個3型域（英語：Fibronectin type III domain）	10 kDa	Angiocept

引用

^ Gebauer M, Skerra A. Engineered protein scaffolds as next-generation antibody therapeutics. Curr Opin Chem Biol. June 2009, 13 (3): 245–255 [2011-09-14]. PMID 19501012. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.627. （原始內容存檔於2019-11-29）.
^ Nygren PA. Alternative binding proteins: affibody binding proteins developed from a small three-helix bundle scaffold. FEBS J. June 2008, 275 (11): 2668–76. PMID 18435759. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06438.x.
^ Ebersbach H, Fiedler E, Scheuermann T; et al. Affilin-novel binding molecules based on human gamma-B-crystallin, an all beta-sheet protein. J. Mol. Biol. September 2007, 372 (1): 172–85. PMID 17628592. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.06.045.
^ Krehenbrink M, Chami M, Guilvout I, Alzari PM, Pécorari F, Pugsley AP. Artificial binding proteins (Affitins) as probes for conformational changes in secretin PulD. J. Mol. Biol. November 2008, 383 (5): 1058–68 [2011-09-14]. PMID 18822295. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.09.016. （原始內容存檔於2019-11-30）.
^ Skerra A. Alternative binding proteins: anticalins - harnessing the structural plasticity of the lipocalin ligand pocket to engineer novel binding activities. FEBS J. June 2008, 275 (11): 2677–83. PMID 18435758. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06439.x.
^ Silverman J, Liu Q, Lu Q; et al. Multivalent avimer proteins evolved by exon shuffling of a family of human receptor domains. Nat. Biotechnol. December 2005, 23 (12): 1556–61. PMID 16299519. doi:10.1038/nbt1166.
^ Stumpp MT, Binz HK, Amstutz P. DARPins: a new generation of protein therapeutics. Drug Discov. Today. August 2008, 13 (15–16): 695–701 [2011-09-14]. PMID 18621567. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2008.04.013. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-01）.
^ Grabulovski D; Kaspar, M; Neri, D. A novel, non-immunogenic Fyn SH3-derived binding protein with tumor vascular targeting properties. J Biol Chem. 2007, 282 (5): 3196–3204. PMID 17130124. doi:10.1074/jbc.M609211200.
^ Nixon AE, Wood CR. Engineered protein inhibitors of proteases. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. March 2006, 9 (2): 261–8. PMID 16566296.
^ Koide A, Koide S. Monobodies: antibody mimics based on the scaffold of the fibronectin type III domain. Methods Mol. Biol. 2007, 352: 95–109. PMID 17041261.

[1] Gebauer M, Skerra A. Engineered protein scaffolds as next-generation antibody therapeutics. Curr Opin Chem Biol. June 2009, 13 (3): 245–255 [2011-09-14]. PMID 19501012. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.627. （原始內容存檔於2019-11-29）.

[pmid18435759-2] Nygren PA. Alternative binding proteins: affibody binding proteins developed from a small three-helix bundle scaffold. FEBS J. June 2008, 275 (11): 2668–76. PMID 18435759. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06438.x.

[3] Ebersbach H, Fiedler E, Scheuermann T; et al. Affilin-novel binding molecules based on human gamma-B-crystallin, an all beta-sheet protein. J. Mol. Biol. September 2007, 372 (1): 172–85. PMID 17628592. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.06.045.

[pmid18822295-4] Krehenbrink M, Chami M, Guilvout I, Alzari PM, Pécorari F, Pugsley AP. Artificial binding proteins (Affitins) as probes for conformational changes in secretin PulD. J. Mol. Biol. November 2008, 383 (5): 1058–68 [2011-09-14]. PMID 18822295. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.09.016. （原始內容存檔於2019-11-30）.

[pmid18435758-5] Skerra A. Alternative binding proteins: anticalins - harnessing the structural plasticity of the lipocalin ligand pocket to engineer novel binding activities. FEBS J. June 2008, 275 (11): 2677–83. PMID 18435758. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06439.x.

[pmid16299519-6] Silverman J, Liu Q, Lu Q; et al. Multivalent avimer proteins evolved by exon shuffling of a family of human receptor domains. Nat. Biotechnol. December 2005, 23 (12): 1556–61. PMID 16299519. doi:10.1038/nbt1166.

[pmid18621567-7] Stumpp MT, Binz HK, Amstutz P. DARPins: a new generation of protein therapeutics. Drug Discov. Today. August 2008, 13 (15–16): 695–701 [2011-09-14]. PMID 18621567. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2008.04.013. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-01）.

[PMID:_17130124-8] Grabulovski D; Kaspar, M; Neri, D. A novel, non-immunogenic Fyn SH3-derived binding protein with tumor vascular targeting properties. J Biol Chem. 2007, 282 (5): 3196–3204. PMID 17130124. doi:10.1074/jbc.M609211200.

[pmid16566296-9] Nixon AE, Wood CR. Engineered protein inhibitors of proteases. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. March 2006, 9 (2): 261–8. PMID 16566296.

[pmid17041261-10] Koide A, Koide S. Monobodies: antibody mimics based on the scaffold of the fibronectin type III domain. Methods Mol. Biol. 2007, 352: 95–109. PMID 17041261.

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