胃輕癱
胃輕癱,又称为延遲胃排空,是一种食物从胃到小肠蠕動缓慢的疾病[7]。症状包括可能恶心、呕吐、胃灼热、腹胀和饱腹感[8]。并发症包括可能脱水、營養不良、体重减轻、血糖控制不佳和糞石[7]。
胃輕癱 | |
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簡單的腹部X射线檢查顯示骨脹氣,且內胃內有大量物質,代很嚴重的胃部蠕動減退 | |
读音 |
|
症状 | 恶心、呕吐、腹痛、吃一點東西就腹脹(早飽) |
併發症 | 營養不良、疲勞、體重下降、維生素缺乏、因糞石造成的腸梗阻、小腸細菌過度生長 |
病因 | 迷走神经受損[2]、化療引起的神經病變[3]、自律神經病變[4] |
风险因素 | 糖尿病、腹部或食道手術、感染、某些減綏胃排空的藥物、硬皮病、神經系統疾病、甲狀腺功能低下[2] |
診斷方法 | 鋇劑吞嚥檢查法、鋇牛排餐、放射性同位素胃排空掃描 (GES)、內視鏡膠囊監控 (WMC)、食用不透射線標誌物(ROM)后的連續 X 線檢查、胃壓力測試、上消化道内视镜 (EGD)、呼氣測試 |
鑑別診斷 | 胃及十二指肠潰瘍、胃出口阻塞、功能性消化不良 |
治療 | 飲食調整、刺激胃排空的藥物、減少嘔吐的藥物[5]、胃電刺激[6] |
分类和外部资源 | |
醫學專科 | 消化科 |
ICD-11 | DA41.00 |
ICD-9-CM | 536.3 |
OMIM | MTHU005170 |
DiseasesDB | 32575 |
MedlinePlus | 000297 |
病因可能不明,但可能包括糖尿病、某些药物、迷走神经受损、甲狀腺功能低下症、硬皮病、腸胃炎或放射治療[8] [9]。可能影響的药物包括類阿片药物、抗膽鹼劑和一些抗抑郁药[8]。致病机轉与胃部肌肉收缩不良有关[7]。診斷可利用上消化道内窥镜检查、胃排空檢查、胃排空呼气试验或无线胃动力胶囊[10] [9]。
治疗包括改变饮食、服用刺激胃排空的药物、服用减少呕吐的药物、使用餵食管或手术[11]。饮食調整包括少量多次的低脂饮食[11]。刺激胃排空的药物包括甲氧氯普胺或多潘立酮[11]。手术包括胃造口术或胃電刺激[11]。
盛行率大约為每 10,000名男性會有1位患者,每10,000名女性有4位患者[7]。然而,約2%的人有症状,因此推測诊断率偏低[9]。测量胃流量的技术始於20世纪初[12]。 “胃轻瘫”一辭出現於 1958 年[13]。源自古希腊语 γαστήρ - gaster “胃”,-paresis, πάρεσις - “部分瘫痪”[14]。
参考
- ^ How to pronounce gastroparesis in English. dictionary.cambridge.org.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Gastroparesis Causes – Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic.
- ^ Davis MP, Weller R, Regel S. Gastroparesis and Cancer-Related Gastroparesis. MacLeod RD, van den Block L (编). Textbook of Palliative Care. Springer International Publishing. 2018: 1–15. ISBN 978-3-319-31738-0. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31738-0_114-1 (英语).
- ^ Owyang C. Phenotypic switching in diabetic gastroparesis: mechanism directs therapy. Gastroenterology. October 2011, 141 (4): 1134–1137. PMID 21875587. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.08.014.
- ^ Thorn AR. Not just another case of nausea and vomiting: a review of postinfectious gastroparesis. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. March 2010, 22 (3): 125–133. PMID 20236395. S2CID 12354903. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7599.2009.00485.x.
- ^ Camilleri M, Kuo B, Nguyen L, Vaughn VM, Petrey J, Greer K, Yadlapati R, Abell TL. ACG Clinical Guideline: Gastroparesis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. August 2022, 117 (8): 1197–1220. PMC 9373497 . PMID 35926490. doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001874.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Definition & Facts for Gastroparesis | NIDDK. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. [6 March 2021]. (原始内容存档于19 March 2021)."Definition & Facts for Gastroparesis | NIDDK".
- ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Symptoms & Causes of Gastroparesis | NIDDK. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. [6 March 2021]. (原始内容存档于18 March 2021)."Symptoms & Causes of Gastroparesis | NIDDK".
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Camilleri, Michael; Chedid, Victor; Ford, Alexander C.; Haruma, Ken; Horowitz, Michael; Jones, Karen L.; Low, Phillip A.; Park, Seon-Young; Parkman, Henry P.; Stanghellini, Vincenzo. Gastroparesis. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. December 2018, 4 (1): 41. PMID 30385743. doi:10.1038/s41572-018-0038-z.
- ^ Diagnosis of Gastroparesis | NIDDK. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. [6 March 2021]. (原始内容存档于18 March 2021).
- ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Treatment for Gastroparesis | NIDDK. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. [6 March 2021]. (原始内容存档于18 March 2021).
- ^ Mccallum, Richard; Parkman, Henry; Clarke, John; Kuo, Braden. Gastroparesis: Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment. Academic Press. 2020: 3 [2021-03-06]. ISBN 978-0-12-818587-2. (原始内容存档于2021-05-04) (英语).
- ^ McKenzie, P; Bielefeldt, K. Glass half empty? Lessons learned about gastroparesis.. F1000Research. 2018, 7. PMID 29862014. doi:10.12688/f1000research.14043.1.
- ^ Chandrasekhara, Vinay; Elmunzer, B. Joseph; Khashab, Mouen; Muthusamy, V. Raman. Clinical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2018: 322 [2021-03-06]. ISBN 978-0-323-54792-5. (原始内容存档于2021-05-04) (英语).