维基百科

国家代表食物

维基媒体列表条目

国家代表食物（英语：National Dish），又称国菜、国民美食。指代表一个国家或地区的特色食物或菜肴。 特定菜肴能被选为国菜的原因很多，包括以下：

  • 一个国家的主食。
  • 包含了外国引进但本地栽种的食材。
  • 代表国家的文化遗产（如宗教因素只能吃特定食物）。
  • 政府指定推广的特定国家食品。

国家

以下列表不保证为官方认证的国菜，有些为民众选举的结果或举例。部分中文译名并非官方。

亚洲

欧洲

非洲

美洲

大洋洲

参考文献

  1. ^ NATIONAL DISHES OF THE WORLD - GUTSY GOURMET. thegutsygourmet.net. [17 April 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-07）. 
  2. ^ Elizabeth Taviloglu. Navy Bean Stew Is Turkey's National Dish. turkishfood.about.com. [12 March 2014]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  3. ^ Kabuli Pulao With Raisins And Carrots. [15 August 2011]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  4. ^ Bahrum Ali. Fostering family ties with ambuyat feasts. The Brunei Times. 21 February 2009 [5 April 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-04）. 
  5. ^ Jessica Tiah. Ambuyat - Our iconic heritage. The Brunei Times. 8 January 2011 [5 April 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-04）. 
  6. ^ Rick Lundstrom. Classic duck dish now on Air China. 31 December 2013 [2019-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  7. ^ Mary Bai. Peking Roast Duck, China’s National Food. 27 September 2011 [2019-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-12）. 
  8. ^ Elaine Yao. The noodles that became a Chinese national dish during coronavirus lockdown – with a smell that takes getting used to. South China Morning Post. July 9, 2020 [August 21, 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-27）. 
  9. ^ Snail noodles museum offers taste of Guangxi's signature dish. Straits Times. January 12, 2018 [August 21, 2020]. （原始内容存档于2018-03-20）. 
  10. ^ Elaine Yao. How American crayfish invaded Chinese hearts and stomachs, and how to cook and eat them safely. South China Morning Post. June 30, 2018 [August 21, 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-09）. 
  11. ^ Lia Yi. How Louisiana crayfish became China's national dish. Gold Thread. August 21, 2019 [August 21, 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-25）. 
  12. ^ Genevieve Roberts. Hong Kong warns citizens off 'unhealthy' dim sum. The Independent. April 19, 2005 [August 20, 2020]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-02）. 
  13. ^ Matthew Keegan. Macau's national dish is making its way into the city's restaurants. South China Morning Post. December 15, 2016 [August 21, 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-14）. 
  14. ^ Matthew Keegan. African Chicken: The Best Places to Try Macau's National Dish. Culture Trip. March 23, 2018 [August 21, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-30）. 
  15. ^ 存档副本. [2019-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-04）.  Authors list列表中的|first1=缺少|last1= (帮助)
  16. ^ 存档副本. [2019-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-30）.  Authors list列表中的|first1=缺少|last1= (帮助)
  17. ^ 存档副本. [2019-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-30）.  Authors list列表中的|first1=缺少|last1= (帮助)
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Media, Kompas Cyber. Kemenpar Tetapkan 5 Makanan Nasional Indonesia, Ini Daftarnya - Kompas.com. KOMPAS.com. [2018-04-18]. （原始内容存档于2018-04-18） （印度尼西亚语）. 
  19. ^ A Soto Crawl. Eating Asia. [5 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 Sara Schonhardt and Melanie Wood. 40 of Indonesia's best dishes. CNN Travel. 15 August 2011 [6 July 2014]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  21. ^ Chef Daeng. Satay Washington DC. satay.com. [6 July 2014]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-09）. 
  22. ^ Nadya Natahadibrata. Celebratory rice cone dish to represent the archipelago. The Jakarta Post. 10 February 2014 [9 July 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-14）. 
  23. ^ Traditional Dishes of Japan. Japan National Tourism Organization. [24 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  24. ^ 『カレーライス』に関するアンケート. ネットリサーチ ディムスドライブ. [16 October 2008]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-06） （日语）. 
  25. ^ McCurry, Justin. Ramen: Japan's super slurpy noodles. The Guardian (London). 18 June 2010 [5 June 2011]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-19）. 
  26. ^ Williamson, Lucy. Kimchi: South Korea's efforts to boost its national dish. BBC News. 4 February 2014 [20 May 2017]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-30）. 
  27. ^ Govender, Serusha. 10 National Dishes Around the World. The Daily Meal. 6 May 2014 [20 May 2017]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-30）. 
  28. ^ Jeffery, Nicole. Pyeongchang Winter Olympics: the next cool spot. The Australian. 20 May 2017 [20 May 2017]. 
  29. ^ Web Desk. National Dishes of the World. PKKH. 7 February 2017 [20 May 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-07）. 
  30. ^ Thailand. Encyclopedia Britannica. [17 April 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-27）. 
  31. ^ Stokes, Daniel. 2003. Low language in high places: social and political perspectives on grammar in the prose of 'Rong Wongsawan'. Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2003. P.38
  32. ^ Burke, Andrew, and Austin Bush. "Eating." Bangkok: city guide. 9th ed. Footscray, Vic.: Lonely Planet, 2010. 157. Print
  33. ^ About Thai food. tourismthailand.org. [17 April 2015]. （原始内容存档于2014-06-09）. 
  34. ^ Clements, Miles. The Find: Tom Yum Koong. Los Angeles Times. 28 October 2010 [2019-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2010-11-01）. 
  35. ^ A Taste of Sticky Rice, Laos’ National Dish | Travel | Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonianmag.com. [3 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-12）. 
  36. ^ Dwayne A. Rules. Nasi lemak, our 'national dish'. The Star. 7 April 2011 [6 November 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-02）. 
  37. ^ The quest for Singapore's next national dish. CNN. 26 January 2010 [7 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-14）. 
  38. ^ Kugiya, Hugo. Singapore's national dish: Hainan chicken rice. Crosscut.com. 18 March 2010 [3 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-31）. 
  39. ^ DAL BHAT. [11 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  40. ^ DeWitt, Dave. 1,001 Best Hot and Spicy Recipes. Agate Publishing. 2010: 428 [2019-05-30]. ISBN 9781572841130. （原始内容存档于2017-02-24）. 
  41. ^ Sifton, Sam. The Cheat: The Adobo Experiment. The New York Times. 5 January 2011 [5 June 2011]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-04）. 
  42. ^ Typical Thai Meals & Eating Habits. Bangkok.com. [7 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  43. ^ "Fish and Chips," in Fast Food and Junk Food: An Encyclopedia of What We Love to Eat (2011). Ed. Andrew F. Smith. ABC-CLIO p. 258 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） .
  44. ^ Darwin Porter and Danforth Prince, Frommer's England 2011: With Wales (2010). John Wiley & Sons: p. 163.
  45. ^ Heston Blumenthal, In Search of Total Perfection (2010). Bloomsbury: p. 205 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
  46. ^ Fish and Chips （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Historic UK.
  47. ^ Heston Blumenthal, Further Adventures in Search of Perfectionp. 100 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  48. ^ Roy, Parama. Alimentary Tracts: Appetites, Aversions, and the Postcolonial. Durham N.C.: Duke University Press. 2010 [2019-05-30]. ISBN 9780822347880. （原始内容存档于2020-08-06）.  p. 3 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  49. ^ Spencer, Colin. British Food: An Extraordinary Thousand Years of History.. Columbia University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-231-13110-0. 
  50. ^ Robert Appelbaum, Aguecheek's Beef, Belch's Hiccup, and Other Gastronomic Interjections: Literature, Culture, and Food Among the Early Moderns (2006). University of Chicago Press, p. 214
  51. ^ Yee Chiang, The Silent Traveller in London (1939). Interlink: p. 157.
  52. ^ Peter Earle. The Making of the English Middle Class: Business, Society and Family Life in London 1660-1730 (1989). University of California Press: p. 279.
  53. ^ Cassell's Dictionary of Cookery (1883), p. 137.
  54. ^ About Plum Pudding, Everyday Housekeeping: A Magazine for Practical Housekeepers and Mothers (Vol. 13-14), p. 97.
  55. ^ Ireland: Ulster Fry (March 10, 2008). European Cuisines. 10 March 2008 [3 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  56. ^ Sari Edelstein. Food, Cuisine, and Cultural Competency for Culinary, Hospitality, and Nutrition Professionals (2010). Jones & Bartlett : p. 118.
  57. ^ Lesley Anne Rose, Michael Macaroon, and Vivienne Crow. Frommer's Scotland (2012). John Wiley & Sons: p. 28.
  58. ^ Welsh national dish. Foodmuseum.com. [4 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2010-07-15）. 
  59. ^ Tom Masters. Europe on a Shoestring. Lonely planet. 1 October 2009 [15 July 2010]. ISBN 978-1-74104-855-1. （原始内容存档于2020-09-19）. 
  60. ^ [1]
  61. ^ National dish of Finland. National-food.info. [17 September 2014]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-21）. 
  62. ^ Four Nations Where Forks Do Knives' Work. New York Times. 18 February 2004 [6 July 2011]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  63. ^ 63.0 63.1 Food Journeys of a Lifetime: Top Ten Great National Dishes. Away.com. [3 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  64. ^ Famous French Food. Classic French Food. [7 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-30）. 
  65. ^ What's On The Menu?: Germany's Favorite Dishes. German Foods. [8 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2010-07-07）. 
  66. ^ Eleanor B. Pierce. Menu Translator: Pan Am's Guide to Food and Drink Specialties Abroad and at Home. 1968: 76. 
  67. ^ Fodor's 89 Germany. 1989: 70. 
  68. ^ Charles Sinclair. Dictionary of Food: International Food and Cooking Terms from A to Z. A & C Black. 2008: 324. 
  69. ^ Moussaka: The National Dish of Greece. Greecelogue. [8 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  70. ^ Top 10 National Dishes. Terrific Top 10. [17 April 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-30）. 
  71. ^ Λεξικό της κοινής Νεοελληνικής, 1998
  72. ^ Italy urged to go on pasta strike. BBC. 13 September 2007 [8 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-07）. 
  73. ^ Polenta. [5 June 2011]. （原始内容存档于2010-02-06）. 
  74. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica. The New Encyclopedia Britannica 1. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2002 [2019-05-31]. ISBN 978-0-85229-787-2. （原始内容存档于2020-06-14）. 
  75. ^ Countries and Their Cultures: Saint Kitts and Nevis to Zimbabwe. : 68 [2019-05-31]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-06）. 
  76. ^ Serbian cuisine. TravelSerbia. [9 August 2010]. （原始内容存档于2016-02-09）. 
  77. ^ 77.0 77.1 77.2 Laurence Mitchell. Serbia. Bradt Travel Guides. 2010: 79 [2019-05-31]. ISBN 978-1-84162-326-9. （原始内容存档于2019-11-20）. 
  78. ^ Pamela Goyan Kittler; Kathryn P. Sucher; Marcia Nahikian-Nelms. Food and Culture, 6th ed.. Cengage Learning. August 2011: 410 [2019-05-31]. ISBN 978-0-538-73497-4. （原始内容存档于2020-08-06）. Large, thin meat patties made from lamb and beef, known as pljeskavica, are considered a national dish of Serbia but are also a favorite with Bosnians and Croatians 
  79. ^ Gibanica, a pie like no other. serbia.com. [21 March 2013]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-31）. 
  80. ^ Fall Brings Red Peppers and Ajvar, 'Serbian Salsa'. NPR. 8 November 2006 [2019-05-31]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-30）. 
  81. ^ Peta Lyn Farwagi. Full of beans. Harper & Row. August 1978: 160 [2019-05-31]. ISBN 978-0-06-090601-6. （原始内容存档于2020-08-06）. 
  82. ^ Kronenthal, Melissa. Spain's tortilla de patatas is simply satisfying. The Seattle Times. 1 May 2010 [18 May 2011]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-04）. 
  83. ^ "Kapusta kiszona (sauerkraut) is the basis for Poland's national dish bigos (sauerkraut with a variety of meats), kapuśniak (sauerkraut soup)" [in:] Polish Holiday Cookery by Robert Strybel, 2003, p. 14; "Bigos, the national dish of Poland — a hunter's stew of mixed meats and vegetables" [in:] The food lover's companion to Portland by Lisa Shara Hall, Roger J. Porter, 1996
  84. ^ "Two national specialities you'll find everywhere are bigos (cabbage stewed with meat and spices) and pierogi" [in:] Poland: the rough guide, 1991 and kotlet schabowy is a close cousin of the Teutonic Wiener Schnitzel" [in:] Joey Porcelli, Clay Fong . The Gyros Journey: Affordable Ethnic Eateries Along the Front Range, 2006
  85. ^ Food in Motion: The Migration of Foodstuffs and Cookery Techniques : Proceedings : Oxford Symposium 1983. Oxford Symposium. 1983: 62 [2019-05-30]. ISBN 978-0-907325-16-1. （原始内容存档于2016-06-17）. 
  86. ^ Леонид Беловинский. Энциклопедический словарь российской жизни и истории: XVIII-начало XX в., стр. 557, Пирог (Leonid Belovinskiy. The encyclopedic dictionary of Russian life and history: from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th centurym p. 557, "Pirog"; in Russian)
  87. ^ Вильям Похлебкин. Большая энциклопедия кулинарного искусства, Пироги русские （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Москва: Центрполиграф, 2010, ISBN 978-5-9524-4620-5 (William Pokhlyobkin. The Great Encyclopedia of Culinary Art, "Russian pirogi". Moscow: Centrpoligraph, 2010; in Russian)
  88. ^ Л. М. Безусенко (ред.), Борщ, Українська нацiональна кухня, Сталкер: 31, 2002  (L. M. Bezussenko (编), Borscht, Ukrainian Ethnic Cuisine, Stalker Publishers: 31, 2002 （乌克兰语） )
  89. ^ В. В. Похлёбкин, Борщ, Кулинарный словарь от А до Я, Центрполиграф, 2000 [2019-06-09], （原始内容存档于2021-05-21）  (William Pokhlyobkin, Borscht, The Culinary Dictionary from A to Z, Centrpoligraf, 2000 （俄语） )
  90. ^ Л. М. Безусенко (ред.), Вареники, Українська нацiональна кухня, Сталкер, 2002  (L. M. Bezussenko (编), Varenyky, Ukrainian Ethnic Cuisine, Stalker Publishers: 181, 2002 （乌克兰语） )
  91. ^ В. В. Похлёбкин, Вареники, Кулинарный словарь от А до Я, Центрполиграф: 181, 2000 [2019-06-09], （原始内容存档于2021-02-25）  (William Pokhlyobkin, Varenyky, The Culinary Dictionary from A to Z, Centrpoligraf, 2000 （俄语） )
  92. ^ 92.0 92.1 Food and Drink in Sweden: Sweden Travel Guide. Swedentravelnet.com. [3 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-16）. 
  93. ^ The crayfish party. Sweden.Se. [3 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  94. ^ BBC http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4867024.stm （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  95. ^ Cederling: Surströmming (Rotten or more like sour herring). [2019-06-01]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-14）. 
  96. ^ Motion 2004/05:K378 Ostkaka som Sveriges nationalrätt. riksdagen.se. [3 April 2014]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26） （北方萨米语）. 
  97. ^ John Tagliabue. Swiss Sausage Fans Fret Over How to Save Their Skin. The New York Times. 3 February 2008 [2019-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-16）. 
  98. ^ Food in Egypt. [15 August 2011]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  99. ^ Food in Morocco - Moroccan Food, Moroccan Cuisine - popular, dishes, recipe, diet, history, common, meals, staple, rice, famous, main, people, favorite, make, customs, fruits, country, bread, vegetables, bread. foodbycountry.com. [17 April 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-25）. 
  100. ^ Crais, C.; McClendon, T.V. The South Africa Reader: History, Culture, Politics. The World Readers. Duke University Press. 2013: 64 [2018-10-15]. ISBN 978-0-8223-7745-0. （原始内容存档于2020-02-09）. 
  101. ^ How to make Egusi soup. [18 January 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-03）. 
  102. ^ El asado. [25 February 2012]. （原始内容存档于2013-12-03）. 
  103. ^ Argentina: Gastronomia. [25 February 2012]. （原始内容存档于2015-12-22）.  （西班牙文）
  104. ^ Feijoada recipe, Eat brazilian!. Copacabana Info. [8 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-16）. 
  105. ^ Trillin, Calvin. Canadian Journal, "Funny Food,". The New Yorker. 23 November 2009: 68–70. 
  106. ^ Wong, Grace. Canada's national dish: 740 calories -- and worth every bite?. CNN. 2 October 2010 [2019-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2011-01-30）. 
  107. ^ Sufrin, Jon. Is poutine Canada's national food? Two arguments for, two against. Toronto Life. 22 April 2010 [2019-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2011-03-22）. 
  108. ^ O'Neil, Lauren. The CBC Community chooses Canada's most iconic food. CBC. 28 June 2012 [2019-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-18）. 
  109. ^ Baird, Elizabeth. Does Canada Have a National Dish?. Canadian Living. 30 June 2009 [2019-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-10）. 
  110. ^ DeMONTIS, RITA. Canadians butter up to this tart. Toronto Sun. 21 June 2010 [2019-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-08）. , Nanaimo Bar、Tourtiere
  111. ^ Chapman, Sasha. Manufacturing Taste. The Walrus. September 2012 [September 1, 2012]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-05）. 
  112. ^ Food Journeys of a Lifetime: Top Ten Great National Dishes. Away.com. 9 October 2010 [3 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  113. ^ Mole Poblano: Mexico's National Food Dish. Mexonline. [11 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  114. ^ Nina Terrero. How to make: Traditional Mexican favorites. NBC Latino. 11 September 2012 [2019-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  115. ^ Ceviche – the Peruvian national dish. Peru Travel Guide. [11 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2008-06-07）. 
  116. ^ Cautious change to Australia's 'national dish'. [23 September 2018]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-30）. 
  117. ^ Our greatest Aussie recipes. [5 June 2011]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  118. ^ News Limited http://www.news.com.au/national/roast-lamb-rules-as-australias-national-dish/story-e6frfkvr-1225825752497 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  119. ^ Bacon & Egg Pie. [5 June 2011]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-23）. 
  120. ^ Tender、loving care for lamb. [5 June 2011]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-01）. 

参考书目

检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=國家代表食物&oldid=85407461”